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When Mustafa Kemal Atatürk became the first president of Turkey in 1923, he set about transforming his country into a secular republic where nationalism sanctified by science--and by the personality cult Atatürk created around himself--would reign supreme as the new religion. This book provides the first in-depth look at the intellectual life of the Turkish Republic's founder. In doing so, it frames him within the historical context of the turbulent age in which he lived, and explores the uneasy transition from the late Ottoman imperial order to the modern Turkish state through his life and ideas. Shedding light on one of the most complex and enigmatic statesmen of the modern era, M. Sükrü Hanioglu takes readers from Atatürk's youth as a Muslim boy in the volatile ethnic cauldron of Macedonia, to his education in nonreligious and military schools, to his embrace of Turkish nationalism and the modernizing Young Turks movement. Who was this figure who sought glory as an ambitious young officer in World War I, defied the victorious Allies intent on partitioning the Turkish heartland, and defeated the last sultan? Hanioglu charts Atatürk's intellectual and ideological development at every stage of his life, demonstrating how he was profoundly influenced by the new ideas that were circulating in the sprawling Ottoman realm. He shows how Atatürk drew on a unique mix of scientism, materialism, social Darwinism, positivism, and other theories to fashion a grand utopian framework on which to build his new nation.Now with a new preface, this book provides the first in-depth look at the intellectual life of the Turkish Republic's founder

A detailed study of the Turkish secret society known as CUP (Committee of Union and Progress), a movement which continues to influence the thinking of Turkish intellectuals. It also provides insights into diplomatic relations between the Ottoman Empire and Europe in the early 20th century.

Atatürk - Radikaler Modernisierer und Vater der Türken. Sein Vermächtnis prägt die Türkei bis heute: Mustafa Kemal, genannt Atatürk - Vater der Türken. Wie konnte es dem Machtpolitiker gelingen, Sultanat und Kalifat abzuschaffen und die Trennung von Kirche und Staat zum Verfassungsprinzip zu erheben? Was waren die Beweggründe für seine radikalen Reformen und sein Bestreben, eine homogene türkische Nation zu schaffen? M. Sükrü Hanioglu, Professor für spätosmanische Geschichte, stellt den türkischen Staatsgründer in einer sehr differenzierten Biografie dar. Er zeigt, welche politischen Ideen ihn beeinflussten und in welchem historischen Klima er lebte. Weit über Atatürks Leben hinaus spannt er den Bogen bis zur aktuellen Situation in der Türkei: Der Erste Weltkrieg: Leben und Werdegang eines osmanischen Offiziers, Die politische Situation und der Kampf der Jungtürken gegen den Islam, Von Istanbul nach Ankara: die Zeit der Gegenregierung, Atatürks Reformen: die kemalistische Revolution und der Umbau des Staates, Ein Volk, ein Land, eine Sprache: nationalistisches Türkentum als Einheitsstifter? Blick auf den Staatsmann und Reformer hinter dem Personenkult:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk schuf aus den Trümmern des Osmanischen Reichs die türkische Republik. Dafür brach er mit Traditionen und führte die Gleichstellung der Frau und eine an Europa orientierte Gesetzgebung ein. Der Kemalismus nahm noch bis in das frühe 21. Jahrhundert hinein den Rang einer offiziellen Staatsdoktrin ein. Auch heute noch hängt sein Porträt in den öffentlichen Gebäuden der Türkei. Doch der Personenkult um Atatürk verhinderte bisher das scheinbar einfachste - die schlichte Entmythologisierung der Symbolfigur. M. Sükrü Hanioglu leistet mit seiner Atatürk-Biographie einen wichtigen Beitrag zu einer vollständigen Historisierung des Begründers der modernen Türkei!

In The Islamic Funerary Inscriptions of Bahrain, Pre-1317 AH/1900 AD, the authors present a study of the funerary inscriptions based upon fieldwork completed in Bahrain between 2013-2015. A comprehensive illustrated catalogue of 150 gravestones in 26 locations is provided with transcription of the inscriptions into modern Arabic and translation into English. Subjects considered include: the history of Islamic burial, gravestone, and cemetery research on Bahrain, gravestone chronology, gravestone and cemetery types, stone sources and gravestone manufacture, the gravestone inscriptions, content, iconography and decoration, and the archaeology of the shrines and cemeteries in which some of the gravestones were found, contemporary practices relating to cemeteries, graves, and gravestones, the threats facing the gravestones, and management options for protecting and presenting the gravestones.

In "A History of Ottoman Political Thought Up to the Early Nineteenth Century," Marinos Sariyannis offers a survey of Ottoman political texts, examined in a book-length study for the first time. From the last glimpses of Ghaza ideology and the first instances of Persian political philosophy in the fifteenth century till the apologists of Western-style military reform in the early nineteenth century, the author studies a multitude of theories and views, focusing on an identification of ideological trends rather than a simple enumeration of texts and authors. At the same time, it offers analytical summaries of texts otherwise difficult to find in English