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Abstract
In the early years of the new millennium, Chinese scholars in translation studies were still debating, belatedly, the "cultural turn", particularly with regard to two issues: (1) the distinction between the ontology of translation and the ontology of translation studies, and (2) the so-called "paradigm shift" triggered by the cultural turn. Stemming from a critique of the two ontologies and questioning the paradigm shift, this paper serves the following critical purposes. It appeals for a return to textuality by reinstating the role of language in translation studies; i.e., it seeks to clarify how language functions on the boundary between translation and non-translation on both the object-language and meta-language levels, and calls for a new meta-theoretical orientation of translation studies. Scholars participating in the Chinese debate over the cultural turn have regrettably overlooked the fact that semiotics has long since renovated translation studies, especially in terms of the discipline's system-specificity and intersystemic relationships. Semiotic input on translation studies may enable the Chinese researcher to better formulate, pose and answer the crucial question: What is translation? Four versions of a semiotic approach to translation studies can be identified or envisaged: (1) the influence of Peircean "semeiotics"; (2) a structural linguistics-informed methodology, such as that of the Russian formalists and their Slavonic followers; (3) the impact of biosemiotics; and, finally, (4) the influence of cultural semiotics represented by the Tartu School. This essay provides a critical survey of the Chinese debate on the cultural turn and suggests a prognosis based on the aforementioned semiotic approaches.

Diese Arbeit betrachtet menschliches Verhalten auf elektronischen Märkten. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden zwei Experimente durchgeführt, die das Auction Fever in Holländischen Auktionen sowie das menschliche Risikoverhalten im sehr hohen Wahrscheinlichkeitsbereich näher untersuchen. Im Experiment zum menschlichen Risikoverhalten wurde speziell die Bewertung hoher Gewinnwahrscheinlichkeiten durch die Teilnehmer untersucht. Hinsichtlich des Auction Fever wurde ein Referenzexperiment beschrieben, kritisiert und auf Basis dieser Kritik ein Folgeexperiment durchgeführt. Hierbei wurde beobachtet, dass Menschen ein vorher gesetztes Limit nicht konstant unterbieten sondern auch teilweise überbieten. Es wurden außerdem Einflussfaktoren für diesen emotionalen Effekt erarbeitet.

Abstract
This essay traces the reception of Tartu semiotics in the Chinesespeaking world, including Mainland China and Taiwan. Our preliminary survey covers materials of three main categories: (1) research projects, (2) postgraduate degree theses, and (3) publications in Chinese and other languages. A number of common features in cross-cultural reception are identified, such as the temporal gap in theory travelling, the role of a third language mediating source and target languages, the phenomenon of negative influence, and the political interference with the introduction and reception of foreign cultural products. Because of its predominant interest in the dynamics of culture as sign system and inter-systemic dialogue, Tartu Semiotics is becoming increasingly attractive to the growing Chinese semiotic community.