Suchergebnisse

Objectives To investigate the relationships between patient safety culture (PSC) dimensions and PSC self-reported outcomes across different cultures and to gain insights in cultural differences regarding PSC. Design Observational, cross-sectional study. Setting Ninety Belgian hospitals and 13 Palestinian hospitals. Participants A total of 2836 healthcare professionals matched for profession, tenure and working hours. Primary and secondary outcome measures The validated versions of the Belgian and Palestinian Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture were used. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted. Reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha (alpha). In this study, we examined the specific predictive value of the PSC dimensions and its self-reported outcome measures across different cultures and countries. Hierarchical regression and bivariate analyses were performed. Results Eight PSC dimensions and four PSC self-reported outcomes were distinguished in both countries. Cronbach's alpha was alpha >= 0.60. Significant correlations were found between PSC dimensions and its self-reported outcome (p value range <0.05to <0.001). Hierarchical regression analyses showed overall perception of safety was highly predicted by hospital management support in Palestine (beta=0.16, p<0.001) and staffing in Belgium (beta=0.24, p<0.001). The frequency of events was largely predicted by feedback and communication in both countries (Palestine: beta=0.24, p<0.001; Belgium: beta=0.35, p<0.001). Overall grade for patient safety was predicted by organisational learning in Palestine (beta=0.19, p<0.001) and staffing in Belgium (beta=0.19, p<0.001). Number of events reported was predicted by staffing in Palestine (beta=-0.20, p<0.001) and feedback and communication in Belgium (beta=0.11, p<0.01). Conclusion To promote patient safety in Palestine and Belgium, staffing and communication regarding errors should be improved in both countries. Initiatives to improve hospital management support and establish constructive learning systems would be especially beneficial for patient safety in Palestine. Future research should address the association between safety culture and hard patient safety measures such as patient outcomes. ; We particularly acknowledge all participating hospitals and their staff who devoted time to completing the surveys. We extend our gratitude to the Palestinian and Belgian governments for their cooperation and supporting this research.

The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between religion, suicidal behavior, attitudes and psychological distress in 5572 students from 12 countries by means of a self-report questionnaire. Our results showed that an affiliation with Islam was associated with reduced risk for suicide ideation, however affiliating with Orthodox Christianity and no religion was related to increased risk for suicide ideation. While affiliating with Buddhism, Catholic religion and no religion was associated with lowered risk for attempting suicide, affiliation with Islam was related to heightened risk for attempting suicide. Affiliation with Hinduism, Orthodox Christianity, Catholicism, other religions and with no religion was associated with decreased risk for psychological distress but those reported affiliating with Islam evinced greater risk for psychological distress. The associations of the strength of religious belief to suicidal ideation and attempts were in the expected direction for most but had a positive relation in respondents affiliating with Catholicism and other religions. Students reporting affiliation with Islam, the Christian Orthodox religion and Buddhism were the least accepting of suicide but they displayed a more confronting interpersonal style to an imagined peer with a suicidal decision. It was concluded that the protective function of religion in educated segments of populations (university students) and in university students residing in Muslim countries where freedom from religion is restricted or religion is normative and/or compulsory is likely to be limited. Our findings suggest that public policies supporting religious freedom may augment the protective function of religion against suicide and psychological distress.