Suchergebnisse

The Pat a Pangampong sa Ranao or Lanao Sultanate in the Philippines was founded in the early 17th century after its leaders seceded from the Magindanao Sultanate. The Lanao Sultanate had the traditional laws i.e. the taritib and igma or the Adat Laws, and Shari'ah (Islamic laws). The political structure of Lanao Sultanate consists of council of elders, house of board of advisers, house of bais (ladies), imāms (prayer leaders), kalis (judges), gurus (teachers), askars (army), pananalsilas (genealogy experts), defence units headed by a radia-laut (naval and war commander), and the forty-three sultans who ruled the pagawidan (supported) states and pagawid (supporting) states. The supported states had fifteen sultans who were the executive bodies of the fifteen royal houses of the Lanao Sultanate. The pagawid (supporting) states had twenty-eight governors called m'babaya ko taritib who were also the legislative bodies of the four states of Lanao: Bayabao, Masiu, Unayan, and Baloi. The Islamicity of the Lanao Sultanate in the 17th century as an Islamic state is not represented in literature. This explains why there is a huge research gap on this study. This paper will explore in-depth the Islamicity of Lanao Sultanate in the 17th century using the functions and the characteristics of an Islamic state as parameters according to contemporary Muslim scholars.

COVID-19 has affected the lifeways of people all over the world. Hence, this study is mainly concerned with the discourse related to COVID-19. It investigated the way cartoonists represented this pandemic in Arabic and whether such a representation reflects the contemporary attitudes and values of the society. For this purpose, 150 cartoons were selected from Alghad, an online Jordanian daily in Arabic, published between the years 2020-2021. Data was analysed through a multimodal analysis. The study revealed ten themes related to COVID-19 and used by Arabic cartoonists including the quarantine and the lockdown, economic devastation, political discourse, social relationship discourse, wishes and occasions, greetings for medical staff, travel and tourism, work and education, health awareness, and dissatisfied citizens. Our study was in agreement with the results of Joubert and Wasserman (2020). They stated that editorial cartoons are important not only because they disseminate information during a public health pandemic but also because they are considered a great source of data to measure public perceptions and sentiments. Keywords: cartoons, economic devastation, health awareness, political discourse, quarantine, social discourse