Suchergebnisse

Twenty-two alternative explanations for the relative harmony of ethnic relations in HI are examined, eg, climate, lack of a primary ethnic majority, & favorable economic conditions. It is suggested this harmony is best explained by a theory of developmental amalgamationism & the culture's aloha philosophy of kindness, tenderness, unity, harmony, patience, & perseverance. Adapted from the source document.

Developments in theory building in internat'l relations seem to have neglected the subject of internat'l org (10); since the 1st step in theory construction is to specify basic concepts & hyp's (a step not yet taken systematically in the field of 10), the lag in 10 theory is not surprising. This paper attempts to delineate fundamental terms & propositions which may serve as a springboard for a theory of 10 as a subject of a broader approach to internat'l relations. The term IO is defined; then 10 is investigated as a variable, classifying its inputs & outputs (input functions: articulation, aggregation, soc'ization, recruitment, transaction; output functions: rule-making, rule application, rule supervision). It would seem that the major actors in internat'l systems are the basic units, whether empires, city states, or nation states. Most functions are performed outside internat'l structures within each particularistic unit. Instit'ization in particularistic structures is probable if the N of power centers is 1 or 2, universalistic structures are most likely to contain functionally specific universalistic instit's when power is diffused throughout an internat'l system. The claim of the functional approach is that it offers certain conveniences in categorization, hyp-suggesting, & in placing 10 in its proper perspective within internat'l systems. IPSA.

Are domestic soc conditions related to the incidence of internat'l aggression? One way of approaching this question is to look at the justifications for war; however, a study of the verbal rationale for war does not lead very far sci'ly, since the same argument is equally useful for peace or war. A 2nd appraoch, called the `prerequisites' approach, attempts to isolate societal factors which predispose states to engage in war. A review of empirical findings in this 2nd area reveals the following: democratic pol'al systems have less foreign conflict than authoritarian pol'al systems; totalitarian countries fall in between. Rich countries have more foreign conflict than most of the econ'ly developing nations of the world. High unemployment & high Ur pop density, 2 indicators of domestic stress, are associated with high levels of foreign conflict. 3 out of 4 types of nonconformist behavior are related positively to war propensities. Domestic soc conflict behavior is directly with foreign conflict, esp when the conflict is expressed anomically; passive deviance, alcoholism death-rates & suicides are also high among countries which most frequently engage in war. But homicide is related inversely to war. Nearly all of the factors which r positively with foreign conflict are, in turn, related to Ur'ization. The exception is the type of pol'al system, since nondemocracies are found mostly in Ru countries. In very few cases, nevertheless, does the magnitude of the r exceed 30. IPSA.

This book examines Russia's external security policy under the presidencies of Vladimir Putin, Dmitry Medvedev and beyond.The Russian Federation has developed from a neglected regional power into a self-declared resurgent superpower. Russia's background in the former Soviet Union as well as close ties with the upcoming new powers of China and India served as spring-boards towards regaining an influential status in the world. Simultaneously, Moscow developed an assertive policy towards the West and unwilling neighbours, culminating in August 2008 in an armed conflict with Georgia. Re.

This book analyses the security policy of the Russian Federation, internally as well as externally, on all levels of strategy from 1992-2002.

Background There is limited population-level research on end-of-life care in Australia that considers health care use and costs across hospital and community sectors. The aim of this study was to quantify health care use and costs in the last 6 months of life in a cohort of elderly Australian decedents and to examine the factors associated with end-of-life resource use and costs. Methods A retrospective cohort study using routinely collected health data from Australian Government Department of Veterans' Affairs clients. The study included two cohorts of elderly Australians who died between 2005 and 2009; one cohort with a recorded cancer diagnosis and a comparison cohort with no evidence of a cancer history. We examined hospitalisations, emergency department (ED) visits, prescription drugs, clinician visits, pathology, and procedures and associated costs in the last 6 months of life. We used negative binominal regression to explore factors associated with health service use and costs. Results The cancer cohort had significantly higher rates of health service use and 27% higher total health care costs than the comparison cohort; in both cohorts, costs were driven primarily by hospitalisations. Older age was associated with lower costs and those who died in residential aged care incurred half the costs of those who died in hospital. Conclusions The results suggest differences in end-of-life care pathways dependent on patient factors, with younger, community-dwelling patients and those with a history of cancer incurring significantly greater costs. There is a need to examine whether the investment in end-of-life care meets patient and societal needs.