Suchergebnisse

The steel industry is an important engine for sustainable growth, added value, and high-quality employment within the European Union. It is committed to reducing its CO2 emissions due to production by up to 50% by 2030 compared to 1990′s level by developing and upscaling the technologies required to contribute to European initiatives, such as the Circular Economy Action Plan (CEAP) and the European Green Deal (EGD). The Clean Steel Partnership (CSP, a public–private partnership), which is led by the European Steel Association (EUROFER) and the European Steel Technology Platform (ESTEP), defined technological CO2 mitigation pathways comprising carbon direct avoidance (CDA), smart carbon usage SCU), and a circular economy (CE). CE ap-proaches ensure competitiveness through increased resource efficiency and sustainability and consist of different issues, such as the valorization of steelmaking residues (dusts, slags, sludge) for internal recycling in the steelmaking process, enhanced steel recycling (scrap use), the use of secondary carbon carriers from non-steel sectors as a reducing agent and energy source in the steelmaking process chain, and CE business models (supply chain analyses). The current paper gives an overview of different technological CE approaches as obtained in a dedicated workshop called "Resi4Future—Residue valorization in iron and steel industry: sustainable solutions for a cleaner and more competitive future Europe" that was organized by ESTEP to focus on future challenges toward the final goal of industrial deployment.

European populations display low genetic differentiation as the result of long-term blending of their ancient founding ancestries. However, it is unclear how the combination of ancient ancestries related to early foragers, Neolithic farmers, and Bronze Age nomadic pastoralists can explain the distribution of genetic variation across Europe. Populations in natural crossroads like the Italian peninsula are expected to recapitulate the continental diversity, but have been systematically understudied. Here, we characterize the ancestry profiles of Italian populations using a genome-wide dataset representative of modern and ancient samples from across Italy, Europe, and the rest of the world. Italian genomes capture several ancient signatures, including a non-steppe contribution derived ultimately from the Caucasus. Differences in ancestry composition, as the result of migration and admixture, have generated in Italy the largest degree of population structure detected so far in the continent, as well as shaping the amount of Neanderthal DNA in modern-day populations. ; The Leverhulme Trust (F.M. and C.C.); the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR): "Progetti Futuro in Ricerca 2012" (RBFR126B8I) (A.O. and A.A); the "Dipartimenti di Eccellenza (2018–2022)" [Department of Medical Sciences of Turin (G.M.); Department of Biology and Biotechnology of Pavia (A.A., A.O., O.S., and A.T.)]; the Fondazione Cariplo (project 2018-2045; A.T., A.A., and A.O.); the Italian Institute for genomic Medicine (IIGM) and Compagnia di San Paolo Torino, Italy (G.M.); the European Community, Sixth Framework Program (PROCARDIS: LSHM-CT-2007-037273) (S.B.); the Italian Ministry of Health (Besta CEDIR project: RC 2007/LR6, RC 2008/LR6; RC 2009/LR8; RC 2010/LR8; GR-2011-02347041) (G.B.B.); "Progetti di Ricerca finanziati dall'Universita degli Studi di Torino (ex 60%) (2015)" (C.D.G. and G.M.); and ANR-14-CE10-0001 and Region Pays de la Loire (J.G.). G.H. was supported by a grant from the Wellcome Trust/Royal Society 098386/Z/12/Z. S.M. was supported by the Wellcome Trust grant 098387/Z/12/Z and 12284/Z/18/Z. This research was supported by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (Projects No. 2014-2020.4.01.16-0030 and 2014.2020.4.01.15) (F.M. and M.M.).