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The Renewable Energy Sector of India is considered to be the world's second most attractive Renewable Energy market. In terms of the total, installed wind power capacity, India ranks fourth worldwide. In the previous year itself, (i.e. January-November 2017) India added 11.788 GW of the total power generation capacity from renewable sources. With the Government's increased support, along with enhanced, developed and improved economics, the Renewable Energy Sector is becoming more and more attractive to investors. The energy demand of India is expected to reach 15,820 TWh by 2040 and as India is gearing up to become self-sufficient and meet this requirement on its own, Renewable and Clean energy is expected to take on an important role. It is expected that by 2040, 49% of the total electricity obtained is to be generated through renewable energy. With the commitment of the Government of India to increase the use of clean energy sources, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has set a target to set up renewable energy capacities to the extent of 175 GW by 2022 (which includes 100 GW from Solar, 60 GW from Wind, 10 GW from Biopower and 5 GW from Small Hydropower units), as was announced in 2015. To fund this ambitious plan, India would need at least US$ 125 billion.7 The 'renewable energy industry' financing is considered difficult due to its characteristics of high initial investment, investment risk, and dicey long-term investment returns. Keeping this as a backdrop, this article aims at discussing the various Financing modes currently in use and the various financing challenges to be faced in meeting India's Renewable Energy Targets in the coming years.

Purpose
While national public policies such as performance contracts and disinvestment affect the dynamics of large- and medium-scale state-owned enterprises in emerging market economies, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the performance of India's public sector undertakings (PSUs) and suggest options to improve their outcomes.


Design/methodology/approach
Using firm-level data on India's 235 PSUs with total assets of around $500 billion over the past two and half decades (1990-2015), the study empirically tests the effect of performance contracts, measured by memorandum of understanding (MOU) and disinvestment, measured by private equity share, on PSUs performance indicator such as return on capital (ROC). Data were collected from the Public Enterprises Survey Reports released by the Department of Public Enterprises under India's Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, Department of Disinvestment, Bombay Stock Exchange and Capitaline database. By controlling firm-, industry- and macro-level factors in regression models, the results were presented in several aspects like service sector, non-service sector and individual and joint effects.


Findings
Empirical estimations indicate that performance contracts such as MOUs have had a positive impact on PSU performance by increasing their ROC by 8-9 percent. This result holds more strongly for the non-service sector (manufacturing, mining) but less so for service sector firms. In the case of service sector firms, partial privatization (share sales) has a significant impact on performance, making them ideal candidates for more aggressive disinvestment. Larger PSUs (Maharatnas) appear to perform better than smaller PSUs and even better than private firms of similar size. Smaller PSUs (Navratnas and Miniratnas) perform worse than private companies and should be good candidates for strategic disinvestment (privatization). PSUs that do not have Ratna status – and are loss makers – should be disposed of their asset value.


Practical implications
The study recommends that India should change the public sector balance sheet by raising capital through strategic disinvestment (privatization), disinvestment and liquidation of PSUs and re-investing it, in public infrastructure through the National Infrastructure Investment Fund and not into the budget as a revenue-raising measure. It should also transform Maharatnas into world class companies with greater commercialization.


Originality/value
The paper makes significant contributions to the academic literature on the changing dynamics of state-owned enterprises in emerging economies by examining the effect of performance contracts and disinvestment on India's PSUs performance. It is one of unique longitudinal-empirical studies on India's PSU performance in several dimensions.

"Regulatory compliance and risk management pose significant challenges in today's rapidly evolving financial landscape. Integrating Industry 4.0 technologies such as automation, AI, and machine learning has added complexity to these challenges. Financial institutions need help to keep pace with regulatory changes and technological advancements, leading to inefficiencies and increased compliance costs. Integrating RegTech Solutions for Industry 4.0 provides a comprehensive solution to this problem by offering insights into how regtech can help financial institutions navigate these challenges effectively.Through a series of case studies, this book demonstrates how leading financial institutions have successfully implemented regtech solutions to streamline compliance processes and manage risks efficiently. By showcasing real-world applications, the book offers practical strategies and best practices for integrating regtech into financial operations. Furthermore, the book explores the regulatory implications of Industry 4.0 technologies, such as IoT and blockchain, providing readers with a holistic view of the regulatory landscape."--

Retail became a buzz word in India before recession; in fact the word 'booming' was found only attached to this sector. The recent few years gone by were packed with several significant developments for the Indian retail industry, including the entry of many global players, growing acceptance of the modern formats, the success of many speciality retail formats, and the rising competition in the regional markets beyond the metros and Tier 1 cities. But as recession took its toll 99% of sectors went for a toss including retail. The current slowdown is expected to last 12–18 months conditional on government incentives in increasing spends on infrastructure, development initiatives and other activities to stimulate the economy. This study focuses on comparison of Indian retail before recession & after recession. In this research we have analysed the effect of recession over different commodities in retailing based on some key parameters. Along with the study of effect this research paper also provides certain strategies which could be beneficial for the retailers in the long run. This study lime lights the strategies that the key players are planning to implement in order to recover from the ill-effect of recession.

"The pursuit of financial well-being has become an increasingly complex challenge for individuals and societies alike. The subjective nature of financial well-being, shaped by diverse aspirations, values, and external circumstances, underscores the need for a nuanced exploration of the factors influencing it. In this context, the book Emerging Perspectives on Financial Well-Being takes center stage as a beacon of understanding, delving into the multifaceted dimensions of financial wellness. Within the pages of this volume, the critical issues surrounding financial well-being are dissected, addressing the need for financial education, disciplined management, and goal setting amidst an ever-changing economic backdrop. The book recognizes that sound financial decision-making is not only crucial for individual satisfaction but also carries far-reaching implications for the broader societal and organizational framework. As we navigate uncertain times, the importance of adequate financial knowledge and planning skills comes to the forefront. This book stands as a response to the complexities within the financial system, aiming to establish a structural determinants framework that broadens our comprehension of financial well-being. This book guides readers through the complexities of financial well-being. It offers valuable insights for academic scholars, researchers, and practitioners seeking to enhance their understanding and contribute to the ongoing discourse on achieving financial prosperity in today's dynamic world."--

Hair tourniquet syndrome is the strangulation of body appendages by a thread of hair. If neglected, it results in lymphatic obliteration, venous congestion, and arterial obstruction. A 25 years lady with a history of insect bite presented with intense itching and painful swelling in the left labia minora for three days. She had tied the swollen part with a bunch of hair strands leading to painful swelling. Local inspection revealed a 2x2 cm swelling in the left labia minora. The tourniquet effect was released by cutting the hair. Hair tourniquet syndrome involving female genitalia requires immediate recognition and treatment.Keywords: Hair tourniquet syndrome; hair-thread tourniquet syndrome; labia minora

The study aims to rank the performance of Indian private sector banks on the basis of their financial capability. The study is focussed on those banks which are listed in the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), for the period from 2014–15 to 2018–19. The financial performance of selected Indian private banks is ranked using a hybrid Multi‐Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique, that is, AHP‐TOPSIS. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to determine the weights of 10 financial performance pointers, and further Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is used to provide rankings and benchmarking of the private sector banks. Thereafter, overall ranking is given to the selected banks using interval‐valued TOPSIS (IV‐TOPSIS) for a combined period of 5 years. Sensitivity analysis has been performed to check the robustness of the method and its impact on the final ranking of the banks. Results showed that HDFC bank is the top performer and is ranked first for all the years consecutively during the period 2014–2019 and has set a financial indicator benchmark for other competitor banks. South Indian Bank showed the worst results in each year and stood last in the overall ranking. The IndusInd bank is followed after HDFC bank by improving its performance from 2014–19. With a slight margin, Kotak Mahindra Bank ranked after IndusInd. Through the AHP‐TOPSIS technique, each year the private sector banks ranking differs among themselves depending upon the financial performance pointers. Based on interval‐valued TOPSIS (IV‐TOPSIS), it was found that the overall HDFC was the top‐performing bank and South Indian Bank was the worst‐performing bank among all other banks. The results obtained from sensitivity analysis were found to be consistent with IV‐TOPSIS. The paper used the AHP technique, which is subjective in nature, and the results depend on the opinion of the experts. This study will assist the investors who want to channelize their funds in private banks having shares enlisted in BSE. It will accommodate banks to compare and judge their financial performance along with improving their performance and planning their future strategy. AHP‐TOPSIS utilized by past researchers is unable to bring out the cumulative performance for banks, but in this paper, IV‐TOPSIS is utilized, which can be effectively used to evaluate the cumulative performance of banks. The study tries to fill the gap in the literature by providing the overall ranking to private sector banks in India on the basis of financial indicators.