Suchergebnisse

"The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collects information on both dietary intake and health conditions from a complex sample of individuals in the US. Instrumental-variable regression can be used to model an individual's health-related attribute as a linear function of explanatory variables including the average daily intake of dietary components. This overcomes the apparent limitation of the NHANES collecting dietary intake data on only two days per sampled individual because the averages of two days per individual exhibit considerable intra-individual variability. Readily available software routines can perform survey-sensitive instrumental-variable regression with data like that collected by the NHANES, but the relevant quantitative literature is not clear about what parameters these routines are actually estimating. The authors fit the long-term (usual) serum beta-carotene level of a population of women aged 20-64 to a linear function of each woman's long-term average (usual) daily beta-carotene intake from food and other explanatory variables using survey-sensitive instrumental regression and provide two interpretations of the results." (author's abstract)

OBJECTIVES: The purpose was to evaluate nutritional status, food security, and related health factors of older adults who were overweight or obese compared to those with a healthy weight. METHODS: Data from 2969 adults aged ≥60 years from NHANES 2011–2014 were analyzed. Participants were categorized by sex and body weight status as healthy weight (body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) 18.5–24.9), overweight (BMI 25–29.9), or obese (BMI ≥ 30); underweight individuals were excluded. Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 scores and total usual micronutrient intakes from foods and dietary supplements were estimated using two 24-hour dietary recalls and the National Cancer Institute method. Nutritional biomarkers, including serum vitamin D, vitamin B-12, and methylmalonic acid, and cardiometabolic risk factors were also assessed. RESULTS: A substantial proportion of older adults (>30%) had intakes below Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) for calcium, magnesium, and vitamins C and D even with dietary supplements. Men and women with obesity had a higher prevalence of usual magnesium intakes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acceptability and usability of an online training to prepare Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) educators to collect 24-hr dietary recalls using the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24). Fifty-eight educators in 17 states were recruited to take the training; 29 completed the online training, assisted two individuals in completing a 24-hr recall using ASA24, and completed a survey about their experiences. The sample included 26 respondents. The majority ( n = 16; 61.5%) of the sample was EFNEP educators with college education. The majority of the respondents indicated that they found the readings and videos acceptable for learning ( n = 21; 80.7%). Half of the participants ( n = 13) felt prepared to collect data using ASA24. The majority ( n = 22; 84.6%) had positive feedback about the training content. The training may be acceptable for preparing EFNEP educators with at least some college education to collect 24-hr recalls using ASA24. Because of potential bias due to self-selection and nonresponse, the training has been revised and is now intended to be used to train trainers of EFNEP paraprofessionals.

Recent Institute of Medicine (IOM) reviews of the process for deriving Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) suggest that determining the need for a new nutrient review should be evaluated against criteria set a priori. After selecting the criterion of significant new and relevant research, a working group of US and Canadian government scientists used results from a systematic review and 2 conferences on vitamin D and health to evaluate whether significant new and relevant scientific evidence had become available since the 1997 IOM publication of the DRIs for vitamin D. This working group concluded that there appears to be new research meeting the criteria for 4 key DRI questions. The new research is of larger quantity and quality for the elderly than for other groups, but overall 1) adds to the bone-related and status evidence available to the 1997 DRI Committee for several of the life-stage groups, 2) identifies new outcomes with respect to risk of falls and performance measures in the elderly and potential adverse effects, and 3) provides additional information on dose-response relations between intakes and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and several health outcomes (ie, bone-related outcomes for all ages and risk of falls and performance measures in older adults). Members of the working group concluded that significant new and relevant research was available for reviewing the existing DRIs for vitamin D while leaving the decision of whether the new research will result in changes to the current DRIs to a future IOM-convened DRI committee.