Suchergebnisse

The article examines judicial positions, which are judged by the practice of the Constitutional and Supreme Courts of the Russian Federation, are legalized as bodies of criminal law. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on unconstitutional provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The article also highlighted the issue of the use of the Supreme Court of the right of legislative initiative. The author draws a conclusion about the legitimate centralization of the judicial positions of the Constitutional and Supreme Courts of the Russian Federation in criminal law, and also expressed an opinion about the logical centralization of the systems of criminal law. ; В статье рассмотрены судебные позиции, которые, судя по практике Конституционного и Верховного Судов Российской Федерации, легализуются в качестве источников уголовного права. Особое внимание уделено рассмотрению решений Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации о признании неконституционными положений Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации. Также в статье был выделен вопрос об использовании Верховным Судом права законодательной инициативы. Автором сделан вывод о несоответствии фактического и юридического значения судебных позиций Конституционного и Верховного Судов Российской Федерации в уголовном праве, а также высказано мнение о закономерной централизации источников уголовного права.

Having discussed the variety of factors that accounted for the heavy dependence of the economy of the Russian Far East on the military-industrial complex (MIC), the article outlines and highlights the two (the Soviet and the Russian) stages of conversion of the MIC to civilian programmes. (DÜI-Sen)

В статье рассматриваются некоторые исторические аспекты российского законодательства о вовлечении несовершеннолетнего в совершение преступно - наказуемого деяния, анализируются объективные, субъективные и квалифицирующие признаки данного состава преступления, сложившаяся судебная практика и официальные данные ведомственной статистики Судебного Департамента при Верховном суде Российской федерации и Министерства Внутренних Дел Российской Федерации, в целях разработки предложений по внесению изменений и дополнений в действующее законодательство Российской Федерации, касающегося ответственности за вовлечение несовершеннолетнего в совершение преступления. ; The article discusses some historical aspects of Russian legislation on involving a minor in the commission of a criminal offense, analyzes the objective, subjective and qualifying features of this crime, the prevailing judicial practice and official data of departmental statistics of the Judicial Department under the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, in order to develop proposals for amendments and additions to the current legislation of the Russian Federation regarding liability for involving a minor in a crime.

It is shown that most of the epicenters of marsquakes are located in the zones of extension and fairly large shear stresses associated with the deviation of Mars from hydrostatic equilibrium. Non-hydrostatic stresses in the interior of Venus are calculated for two types of models: an elastic model and a model with a lithosphere of varying thickness (150–500 km) overlying a weakened layer that has partially lost its elastic properties. Numerical modeling of the system of elastic equilibrium equations for a gravitating planet is carried out with a step of 1°×1° in latitude and longitude up to a depth of 480 km – the first phase transition zone in the mantle. The topography and the gravitational field of the planet are the boundary conditions of the problem. Overall, the level of nonhydrostatic stress on Venus is not very high. On the surface and in the crust, the highest shear stresses are observed in the region of the Maxwell Monte on Ishtar Terra. Beneath the Maxwell Monte, shear stresses in the crust reach 80 MPa and compressive stresses, 125–150 MPa, depending on the model. Tensile stresses around this region are about 20 MPa. The highest tensile stresses occur in the regions beneath structures such as Lavinia Planitia, Sedna Planitia, and Aino Planitia.

The article is addressed to a wide range of readers, including research economists, as well as those who teach and study the theory of industrial markets in universities, and is devoted to the formation of the structure of commodity markets — both traditional and modern digital. The authors try to make progress in revealing the nature of the influence of the intensity of advertising activity in the industry on the values of concentration indicators, the size of entry barriers, and other structural parameters of industry markets.

Based on the analysis of data on the Russian markets of mobile communication services and pharmaceuticals, the fundamental applicability of the concept of «U-shaped inverted curve» for characterizing the relationship between the level of advertising intensity in the industry and the values of concentration indices is established. On this basis, the hypothesis is formulated that the influence of the level of advertising intensity, including as an industry entry barrier, on the structure of markets is more significant in conditions of low and / or moderate concentration.

The authors argue that the processes of digitalization of the economy today not only dynamically change the boundaries of modern industry markets and the nature of competition in them, but also strengthen the potential of advertising communications as a significant factor in the formation of the structure of digital markets.

Currently, increased competition in all industries encourages enterprises to look for new ways to improve their competitiveness. Today, in the conditions of the digital economy, digital transformation, implying the introduction of modern technologies into all business processes, can become a key tool that allows you to quickly adapt to changes in market conditions. In this study, on the basis of regression analysis, the factors contributing to the success of the introduction of digital technologies at industrial enterprises in Russia, as well as the barriers that arise in the way of their digital transformation, are identified.