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International audience ; The current archaeozoological knowledge in the Caribbean seems ill-matched and fragmented, we should set the Caribbean archaeological research in its historical, epistemological and economical context. Initially practiced by naturalists and scientists from Occident, then by Caribbean, north-American and Europeans academics, this research reflects in one hand the major occidental thoughts in anthropology and human sciences, but on the other hand the political and economical regional diversity of the Caribbean. Indeed, since the beginning of the XX th century, the Europe an excitement about the Tainos of the Greater Antilles allowed both academic (governement and university) and rescue archaeology in the whole Caribbean. It is based on survey and excavation techniques adapted to the tropical environments, as well as on specialized studies, such as Archaeozoology, following European practices. Moreover, an increasing number of excavations occurred in the Caribbean for the past decades. Regional Museums have opened, and European and North American universities and academic institutions have settled in several islands. Researches have developed on subsistence, on environmental exploitation, on technology, on villages organization, on exchanges and chronocultural shifts. Finally, a number of archaeozoological researchers provided micro-regional and regional synthesis for the Caribbean. This paper introduces the particular geography of the Caribbean, a brief history of the pre-Columbian archaeology and archaeozoological researches in the Caribbean, and the major cultural pre-Columbian changes found through Archaeozoology.

International audience ; The current archaeozoological knowledge in the Caribbean seems ill-matched and fragmented, we should set the Caribbean archaeological research in its historical, epistemological and economical context. Initially practiced by naturalists and scientists from Occident, then by Caribbean, north-American and Europeans academics, this research reflects in one hand the major occidental thoughts in anthropology and human sciences, but on the other hand the political and economical regional diversity of the Caribbean. Indeed, since the beginning of the XX th century, the Europe an excitement about the Tainos of the Greater Antilles allowed both academic (governement and university) and rescue archaeology in the whole Caribbean. It is based on survey and excavation techniques adapted to the tropical environments, as well as on specialized studies, such as Archaeozoology, following European practices. Moreover, an increasing number of excavations occurred in the Caribbean for the past decades. Regional Museums have opened, and European and North American universities and academic institutions have settled in several islands. Researches have developed on subsistence, on environmental exploitation, on technology, on villages organization, on exchanges and chronocultural shifts. Finally, a number of archaeozoological researchers provided micro-regional and regional synthesis for the Caribbean. This paper introduces the particular geography of the Caribbean, a brief history of the pre-Columbian archaeology and archaeozoological researches in the Caribbean, and the major cultural pre-Columbian changes found through Archaeozoology.

International audience ; The current archaeozoological knowledge in the Caribbean seems ill-matched and fragmented, we should set the Caribbean archaeological research in its historical, epistemological and economical context. Initially practiced by naturalists and scientists from Occident, then by Caribbean, north-American and Europeans academics, this research reflects in one hand the major occidental thoughts in anthropology and human sciences, but on the other hand the political and economical regional diversity of the Caribbean. Indeed, since the beginning of the XX th century, the Europe an excitement about the Tainos of the Greater Antilles allowed both academic (governement and university) and rescue archaeology in the whole Caribbean. It is based on survey and excavation techniques adapted to the tropical environments, as well as on specialized studies, such as Archaeozoology, following European practices. Moreover, an increasing number of excavations occurred in the Caribbean for the past decades. Regional Museums have opened, and European and North American universities and academic institutions have settled in several islands. Researches have developed on subsistence, on environmental exploitation, on technology, on villages organization, on exchanges and chronocultural shifts. Finally, a number of archaeozoological researchers provided micro-regional and regional synthesis for the Caribbean. This paper introduces the particular geography of the Caribbean, a brief history of the pre-Columbian archaeology and archaeozoological researches in the Caribbean, and the major cultural pre-Columbian changes found through Archaeozoology.

Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 bc3. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia and Anatolia, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 bc, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 bc driving the spread of Indo-European languages. This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium bc Sintashta culture. ; The work by G. Boeskorov is done on state assignment of DPMGI SB RAS. This project was supported by the University Paul Sabatier IDEX Chaire d'Excellence (OURASI); Villum Funden miGENEPI research programme; the CNRS 'Programme de Recherche Conjoint' (PRC); the CNRS International Research Project (IRP AMADEUS); the France Génomique Appel à Grand Projet (ANR-10-INBS-09-08, BUCEPHALE project); IB10131 and IB18060, both funded by Junta de Extremadura (Spain) and European Regional Development Fund; Czech Academy of Sciences (RVO:67985912); the Zoological Institute ZIN RAS (АААА-А19-119032590102-7); and King Saud University Researchers Supporting Project (NSRSP–2020/2). The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (19-59-15001 and 20-04-00213), the Russian Science Foundation (16-18-10265, 20-78-10151, and 21-18-00457), the Government of the Russian Federation (FENU-2020-0021), the Estonian Research Council (PRG29), the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (PRG1209), the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (Project NF 104792), the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Momentum Mobility Research Project of the Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities); and the Polish National Science Centre (2013/11/B/HS3/03822). This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie (grant agreement 797449). This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreements 681605, 716732 and 834616). ; Peer reviewed