Suchergebnisse

The author studies the specifics of lace in the territory of the South Black Earth Russia in the 19th – early 20th centuries. The author has analyzed the history of lace crafts in the Yelets and Mtsensk districts of the Orlovsk province, and in the Zadonsk district of the Voronezh province. Based on archive materials the article determines such features of lace crafts development as the uniqueness of lace; the dependence of the growth of the influence of buyers on the pace of industry development; presence of the qualitative indicators of the manufacturing process inversely proportional to the quantitative; expanding the range of manufactured lace; the expansion of the sales area of lace; activation of the attention of individuals and public institutions to revive the specificity and individuality of local products lace. It was concluded that the impact of identified features on the pace of development of the lace industry in the South Black Earth Russia and on the development of Russian business in general.

Analyzing the history of lace crafts, the author describes the conditions of industrial activity lace, which showed the formation of the capitalist forms of lace makers' work. The features of the capitalist forms of labour which characterized crafts activity are pointed out. The peculiarities of lace sales organization in local and distant markets are studied. In addition to interprovince and interdistrict markets the author investigates the material on exporting goods abroad. The main reasons for the expansion of sales geography determine the change in product mix.

The author raises the issue related to the history of the preservation of unique lace made following the traditions of Russian folk art of their ancestors. The problem consisted in the fact that the buyers were not interested in the originality and identity of the goods. As a result, this led to the reduction of the original performance by increasing the amount of work on the standard models.

Peste des petits ruminants /PPR/ is an acute viral disease of small ruminants characterized by fever, oculo-nasal discharges, stomatitis, diarrhea and pneumonia with foul offensive breath. Because of the respiratory signs, PPR can be confused with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia /CCPP/ or pasteurellosis. In many cases, pasteurellosis is a secondary infection of PPR, a consequence of the immunosuppression that is induced by the PPR virus /PPRV/. PPRV is transmitted mainly by aerosols between animals living in close contact. Infected animals present clinical signs similar to those historically seen with rinderpest in cattle, although the two diseases are caused by distinct species. Fairly widespread PPR in the European part of Turkey for the period 2005 - 2014 year, including the outbreaks in areas bordering Bulgaria Kirklareli and Edirne, warrants unfavorable prognosis for our country. It is possible in the coming months and years to settle individual cases of this disease on the border with Turkey. The history of infectious diseases' penetrating in Bulgaria shows that what is happening in Turkey, sooner or later happens in our country / FMD, Sheep pox, Bluetongue /. There are cases when passed in Bulgaria cloven-hoofed animals are assigned and this will be the most likely route of penetration of this disease. Analysis of data on the number and distribution by regions of susceptible to PPR animals in Bulgaria shows that in areas that have land borders with Turkey: Burgas, Haskovo and Yambol grown 18.8 % of the total herd of sheep in Bulgaria /330 844 heads / and 15.7% of the total herd of goats / 71 245 heads /. Relatively low percentage of sheep flocks categorized within the border areas: 12.7% for sheep herds or 2 314 sheep herds, and 9.7% for goats herds or 833 herds goats. ; BG; bg; EFSAfocalpoint@mzh.government.bg

Sheep pox and Goat pox (Variola ovina; Variola caprina; Sheep pox, Goat pox) is a contagious viral disease of small ruminants. The disease can take place with moderate clinical presentations of local breeds, but for animals that have met for the first time the virus ends with death. Caused by a virus of Sheep pox and a virus of Goat pox, genus Capripoxvirus, family Poxviridae. Economic losses come from reduced milk production, lowering the quality of the leather, wool and more. Sheep pox and Goat pox may restrict trade; prevent the development of intensive livestock production and importation of new breeds in endemic areas. Sheep pox and Goat pox is a typical example of a disease that annually reported in neighboring Turkey and periodically reminds us of its existence, encroaching on the territory of Bulgaria. On 20.09.2013, Sheep pox and Goat pox is proven in Bulgaria, in sheep from backyard, Stoilovo village, Burgas district. Then disclosure and announcement of another primary outbreak in a flock of sheep in Kochan village, Blagoevgrad district / 05.10.2013/. On 18.10.2013 was registered secondary outbreak again in Kochan village in sheep, grazing in the same places. On 04.12.2013 was laboratory confirmed third primary outbreak in a flock of sheep in Choba village, Plovdiv district. Analysis of data on the number and distribution by regions of susceptible to Sheep pox and Goat pox animals in Bulgaria shows that in areas that have land borders with Turkey and Greece: Blagoevgrad, Burgas, Kardzhali, Smolyan, Haskovo and Yambol grown 32.79 % of the total herd of sheep in Bulgaria / 577 189 heads / and 27, 89% of the total herd of goats / 126 503 heads /. Relatively low percentage of sheep flocks categorized within the border areas: 18.5% for sheep herds or 21 067 sheep herds, and 19.32% for goats herds or 13 270 herds goats. ; BG; en; EFSAfocalpoint@mzh.government.bg