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Race, Gender, and Deviance in Xbox Live provides a much-needed theoretical framework for examining deviant behavior and deviant bodies within one of the largest virtual gaming communities-Xbox Live. Previous research on video games has focused mostly on violence and examining violent behavior resulting from consuming this medium. This limited scope has skewed criminologists' understanding of video games and video game culture. Xbox Live has proven to be more than just a gaming platform for users. It has evolved into a multimedia entertainment outlet for more than 20 million users. This book examines the nature of social interactions within Xbox Live, which are often riddled with deviant behavior, including but not limited to racism and sexism. The text situates video games within a hegemonic framework deploying whiteness and masculinity as the norm. The experiences of the marginalized bodies are situated within the framework of deviance as they fail to conform to the hegemonic norm and become victims of racism, sexism, and other types of harassment.

The purpose of this essay is to explore the patterns of antiblackness within contemporary gaming. Video games are sites of necropolitical logics that use Black death to propel narratives. But even more concerning, is that these games might make sense of larger desires of white colonial supremacy, attempting to remove and destroy its troubled racialized past. Ethnographic observations also engage gaming as a carceral logic that seeks to surveil, police, and criminal Blackness. Under these conditions, it is imperative to explore how the continuation of the institution of slavery within policing is actively embedded into technical and digital practices, leading to carceral conditions for those subject to its power and gaming provides a pathway to engage this trend.

This article examines the response of minority gamers as they adopt new innovations in Xbox Live. Using diffusion of innovation theory, specific attention is given to gamers' rate of adoption of the new Xbox Live environment, which was a recent update to the Xbox Live interface. By employing virtual ethnography, observations, and interviews reveal that gaming duration and gender are significant factors in identifying a gamer's successful rate of adoption of the new innovation. Female participants reveal that Xbox Live intentionally targets males as the default gamer and enact changes based on their needs. The research concludes with a plea to Xbox Live to acknowledge minority gamers such as women to incorporate their needs within the decision-making process of new innovations.

Foreword / by Anita Sarkeesian -- Introduction: Intersectional formations and transmediated methods -- The "problem" of intersectionality in digital gaming culture -- Historical narratives, contemporary games, racialized experiences -- Hypervisible blackness, invisible narratives : black gamers cocreating transmediated masculine identity -- #Me2, #Me4, black women, and misogynoir : transmediated gaming practices as intersectional counterpublics -- #TechFail : from intersectional (in)accessibility to inclusive design -- Queering intersectional narratives : claiming space and creating possibilities -- Conclusion: Resisting intersectional marginalization using transmediated technologies in the digital era.

Although the concept of intersectionality has gained widespread attention in social science research, there remains a significant gap related to the impact of intersectionality on identity formation for persons negotiating multiple marginalized social identities. This gap is especially significant among Black women who are Deaf—two groups who face significant education disparities and are largely absent in the research literature. In response to these gaps, we conducted a qualitative study with Black Deaf women ( n = 25) on a college campus to better understand the lived experiences of this population and its impact on their intersectional identity. Many of the participants expressed, despite problems related to gender, race, and disability, the number of Black Deaf women on campus made them feel that they had a support network of allies. Implications for future research and social work practice are discussed.

AbstractRecent controversies in gaming culture (i.e., Gamergate) highlight the lack of attention devoted to discussions of actual violence women experience in gaming. Rather, the focus is often situated on in‐game violence; however, we must extend discussions of in‐game violence and increased aggression to account for the "real world," violent, realities of women as gamers, developers, and even critics of the medium. As such, we provide context with a brief introduction to the events of Gamergate. We then discuss the connections between the continued marginalization of women both in video games and in "real life." Drawing from a range of sociological and ludological research, especially Bourdieu and Wacquant's conceptualization of symbolic violence, we examine the normalization of violence towards women in gaming culture. We conclude with considerations for future work involving symbolic violence and other conceptualizations of violence. This focus allows for a more impactful consideration as to why and how codified simulated violence affects marginalized members of communities. Using symbolic violence to connect trends within games to the lived experiences of women in gaming communities binds virtual experiences to "real" ones.

A foundational collection of essays that demonstrate how to study race and mediaFrom graphic footage of migrant children in cages to #BlackLivesMatter and #OscarsSoWhite, portrayals and discussions of race dominate the media landscape. Race and Media adopts a wide range of methods to make sense of specific occurrences, from the corporate portrayal of mixed-race identity by 23andMe to the cosmopolitan fetishization of Marie Kondo. As a whole, this collection demonstrates that all forms of media—from the sitcoms we stream to the Twitter feeds we follow—confirm racism and reinforce its ideological frameworks, while simultaneously giving space for new modes of resistance and understanding. In each chapter, a leading media scholar elucidates a set of foundational concepts in the study of race and media—such as the burden of representation, discourses of racialization, multiculturalism, hybridity, and the visuality of race. In doing so, they offer tools for media literacy that include rigorous analysis of texts, ideologies, institutions and structures, audiences and users, and technologies. The authors then apply these concepts to a wide range of media and the diverse communities that engage with them in order to uncover new theoretical frameworks and methodologies. From advertising and music to film festivals, video games, telenovelas, and social media, these essays engage and employ contemporary dialogues and struggles for social justice by racialized communities to push media forward.Contributors include:Mary BeltránMeshell SturgisRalina L. JosephDolores Inés CasillasJennifer Lynn StoeverJason Kido LopezPeter X FengJacqueline LandMari CastañedaJun OkadaAmy VillarejoAymar Jean ChristianSarah FloriniRaven Maragh-LloydSulafa ZidaniLia WolockMeredith D. ClarkJillian M. BáezMiranda J. BradyKishonna L. GraySusan Noh

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Notes on Terminology -- Introduction -- Part I. Representing Race -- 1. Racism and Mainstream Media -- 2. Image Analysis and Televisual Latinos -- 3. Visualizing Mixed Race and Genetics -- 4. Listening to Racial Injustice -- 5. Branding Athlete Activism -- Part II. Producing and Performing Race -- 6. The Burden of Representation in Asian American Television -- 7. Indigenous Video Games -- 8. Applying Latina/o Critical Communication Theory to Anti- Blackness -- 9. Asian American Independent Media -- 10. Remediating Trans Visuality -- Part III. Digitizing Race -- 11. Intersectional Distribution -- 12. Podcasting Blackness -- 13. Black Twitter as Semi-Enclave -- 14. Arab Americans and Participatory Culture -- 15. Diaspora and Digital Media -- Part IV. Consuming and Resisting Race -- 16. Disrupting News Media -- 17. Latinx Audiences as Mosaic -- 18. Media Activism in the Red Power Movement -- 19. Black Gamers' Resistance -- 20. Cosmopolitan Fan Activism -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- Bibliography -- About the Contributors -- Index