Suchergebnisse

Cover page -- Halftitle page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- WRITING SPAIN'S TWENTIETH CENTURY IN(TO) EUROPE -- The war in Spain -- Europe's myths, Spain's myths -- The end of Franco? -- Enduring Francoism: Spain from 1989 to the twenty-first century -- From memory wars to history wars: revisionism in the twenty-first-century Academy in Spain -- In defence of history: interrogating Francoism -- Notes -- PART I THE ENDURANCE OF THE OLD REGIME: STRUCTURES, MENTALITIES AND EVERYDAY LIFE -- CHAPTER 1 TWENTIETH-CENTURY CATHOLICISMS: RELIGION AS PRISON, AS HAVEN, AS 'CLAMP' -- The Restoration monarchy: roles, uses and meanings of Catholicism -- The 1930s: secularization and Catholic mobilization -- Religion and civil war -- The Franco dictatorship: continuity and change -- Myths, martyrs and memory: democracy and the present -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Further reading -- CHAPTER 2 BUILDING ALLIANCES AGAINST THE NEW? MONARCHY AND THE MILITARY IN INDUSTRIALIZING SPAIN -- Historiographical perspectives -- Praetorian politics in Restoration Spain -- Alfonso XIII: King of Swords -- Spain's 1917 -- Towards a praetorian monarchy -- Notes -- Further reading -- CHAPTER 3 REFORM AS PROMISE AND THREAT: POLITICAL PROGRESSIVES AND BLUEPRINTS FOR CHANGE IN SPAIN, 1931-6 -- The republican-socialist coalition government of 1931-3 -- Reform in Spain 1931-3: a clash of projects and mentalities -- Enabling democracy? -- The erosion of the left, 1931-3 -- The 'logic' of progressive republicanism: anticlericalism as strategic error? -- Counter- reform 1934-6: the counter- revolution mobilized, the coalition for change atomized -- Spring 1936: the continuing fragmentation of reform, the unity of counter- reform -- Conclusion: the chances of reform -- Notes -- Further reading.

A war for our times: the Spanish Civil War in twenty-first century perspective -- The memory of murder: mass killing and the making of Francoism -- Ghosts of change: the story of Amparo Barayón -- Border crossings: thinking about the international brigaders before and after Spain -- Brutal nurture: coming of age in Europe's wars of social change -- Franco's prisons: building the brutal national community in Spain -- The afterlife of violence: Spain's memory wars in domestic and international context

This book recovers the lost history of Spanish socialism during the turbulent years of the Civil War (1936–39). Just as the energy of the socialist movement had sustained the pre-war Second Republic as an experiment in reform, so too it underwrote the Republican war effort in the crucial years of the conflict which would determine Spain's long-term future. Leading Socialist Party (PSOE) cadres formed the bedrock of the government, while thousands of Party and union militants helped bear the tremendous weight of the war effort. The role of the PSOE in the construction of Republican political unity during the Civil War was pivotal. Yet, paradoxically, previous accounts of wartime Republican politics have virtually written the PSOE out of the script by concentrating exclusively on the fierce ideological dispute between anarchists and communists. But the key issues of revolution and State power marked all the forces in Republican Spain, none more so than the Socialist movement. As the traditional party of the working class and the only mass party in Spain as late as 1931, PSOE militants were to be found on both sides of the revolutionary/reformist divide which split fatally the Republican forces during the Civil War. The PSOE's disintegration was a function of that of the Republic itself; but the reverse was no less true. The book investigates the responses of organised socialism to the complex issues raised by the conflict, as it charts the PSOE's devastating experience of political power and desperate crisis in a war it could not win

The article analyzes increasingly militarized state power and public order in twentieth-century Spain, discussing these in the context of other European states' disciplinary regimes, with their ubiquitous social-Darwinist dimension in an era of accelerating urbanization, industrial change and emergent mass societies. The article offers a dissection of the often problematically opaque term 'liberal', arguing that wherever Spain or other twentieth-century European states were positioned on the dictatorial-through-parliamentary-constitutional spectrum, they all came to be 'gardening states' (Bauman). Each state's goal was to sculpt its population as part of a nationalist project – nationalism being the norm, whether named as such or not. Francoism is analysed in this framework, as a hybrid war-born political order blending old-style, top-down military control with new forms of populist mass mobilization from below, the latter enabled and accelerated by the war of 1936–1939. The article defines the Franco dictatorship as fascist in the 1940s and totalitarian for far longer, until macro-economic changes – which its cupola believed for a long time need not affect the deep form of Spanish society – hollowed out Francoism's own ideological categories (and its 'disciplinary' efficacy), but not its obsession with social control, which it called 'social peace'.

In the early 2000s a popular British history magazine commissioned me to write a historiographical essay on the war of 1936–9 in Spain, only then to say that they wouldn't be able to publish my text because their readers 'wouldn't recognise in it the war they knew'. The essay I'd written analysed the conflict in 1930s Spain in the context of the many cognate ones catalysed across continental Europe by the war of 1914–8. All these conflicts were, in one way or another, conflicts between those who wanted to preserve the hierarchical social and political structures of the pre-1914 European world, already shaken by the First World War, and those who sought to effect some form of levelling social and political change, whether by reformist or revolutionary means. Everywhere, including in Spain, such conflicts arose from a common hinterland of accelerating urbanisation, industrialisation and, crucially, from the accompanying processes of increasing migration from countryside to city.