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Canadians long have engaged in in-depth, wide-ranging discussions about their nation's relations with the United States. On the other hand, American citizens usually have been satisfied to accept a series of unexamined myths about their country's unchanging, benign partnership with the "neighbor to the north." Although such perceptions of uninterrupted, friendly relations with Canada may dominate American popular opinion, not to mention discussions in many American scholarly and political circles, they should not, according to Stewart, form the bases for long-term U.S. international economic, political, and cultural relations with Canada. Stewart describes and analyzes the evolution of U.S. policymaking and U.S. policy thinking toward Canada, from the tense and confrontational post-Revolutionary years to the signing of the Free Trade Agreement in 1988, to discover if there are any permanent characteristics of American policies and attitudes with respect to Canada. American policymakers were concerned for much of the period before World War II with Canada's role in the British empire, often regarded as threatening, or at least troubling, to developing U.S. hegemony in North America and even, in the late nineteenth century, to U.S. trade across the Pacific. A permanent goal of U.S. policymakers was to disengage Canada from that empire. They also thought that Canada's natural geographic and economic orientation was southward to the U.S., and policymakers were critical of Canadian efforts to construct an east-west economy. The Free Trade Agreement of 1988 which prepared the way for north-south lines of economic force, in this context, had been an objective of U.S. foreign policy since the founding of the republic in 1776. At the same time, however, these deep-seated U.S. goals were often undermined by domestic lobbies and political factors within the U.S., most evidently during the era of high tariffs from the 1860s to the 1930s when U.S. tariff policies actually encouraged a separate, imperially-backed economic and cultural direction in Canada. When the dramatic shift toward integration in trade, investment, defense and even popular culture began to take hold in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s in the wake of the Depression and World War II, American policymakers viewed themselves as working in harmony with underlying, "natural" converging economic, political and cultural trends recognized and accepted by their Canadian counterparts

This article centers on the historical actors doña Marina and Jerónimo de Aguilar and how modern authors of fiction have used them as fictional characters to reinterpret traditional and formal history. The authors follow the tradition of the cronistas that forms the primary basis of historical resources on the conquista, of using partial and subjective narrative to rebuild the reputation of historical actors. In both novels bilingual identity is fundamental in reclaiming the human and sympathetic nature of the historic actors despite their contributions to the success of the conquista.

Serious analyses of media, especially popular media, and how those media are being negotiated can provide insight into broader social and political change. Media provide us with an arena where global meta-forces - globalization, politics, economics, etc. - intersect with daily life. Analyzing wider social and political-economic issues in Malaysian politics using Malay language cinema as a media example illustrates this point. In this paper the role of Malay language cinema as being both a catalyst for and receiver of Malay lower middle class dissatisfactions with authority, especially in terms of the Malaysian government's attempts at religious authority, bring new insights into the intersection between media, politics, religion, and society in Malaysia.

Educational testing policies influence the type of education provided to school children, and communicate what society values. These policies originate from and promote a set of assumptions, beliefs, and values orientations. They are also designed to advance certain social and educational outcomes, and preferred types of educational experiences for school children. As lawmakers deliberate future testing policies in the United States, it is important that they understand the motivations and values behind testing policy proposals. This study explores the beliefs that drove accountability testing policy proposals. It employed a historical/ comparative analysis to compare the arguments from the accountability testing debates of the 1980s, 1990s, and early 2000s with the arguments from the intelligence testing debates of the early 1920s, the 1970s, and mid-1990s in order to tease out the beliefs that drove these arguments. Issues around which the arguments revolved were examined to identify enduring themes that can inform future educational testing policy proposals. Six such themes emerged from this analysis. These included the following: 1) merit; 2) "race," class and educational equity; 3) the meaning of democracy; 4) the fundamental purpose of public education and desired educational experiences in the United States; 5) the role of science and ideology in policy making; and 6) the tendency to oversimplify. These themes and their implications for policy were discussed.

The first complete book on the Tiananmen Square tragedy reveals how diplomats from the United States, Britain, and Europe knew exact details of the impending massacre of the students in Tiananmen. In a vivid narrative window into secret meetings in the Oval Office, CIA headquarters, and the private compound of China's leaders, more than one hundred interviewees contribute to an untold story.Chaos Under Heaven reveals America and the West's betrayal of the children of China, who, for a brief moment in history, brought democracy to their homeland. In this stunning book, Gordon Thomas takes reade

Desire and Denial confronts the fundamentals of Christian history, capturing the powerful interplay between the limits of sexuality within the Roman Catholic Church's priesthood and sisterhood and compassionate accounts of mystic forces that make many doubt their calling.

Die Übertragung des bewährten Gordonschen "Konferenz"-Konzepts (vgl. "Familienkonferenz": zuletzt E-ID 21/91; "Lehrer-Schüler-Konferenz": zuletzt BA 7/89; "Managerkonferenz": zuletzt BA 7/92), das sich an dem arbeitsteilig-partnerschaftlichen Beziehungs- und Kommunikationsmodell der Klientenzentrierten Psychotherapie von Carl Rogers orientiert, diesmal auf die immer noch prekäre Beziehung von Arzt/Pflegepersonal und Patienten. Im 1. Teil referiert und illustriert Gordon erneut die Essentials seines Effektivitätstrainings anhand von Alltagsbeispielen; im 2. Teil, hier übernahm ein erfahrenener Chirurg die Feder, die Anwendung auf das Arzt-Patient-Verhältnis selbst, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Probleme und Bedürfnisse von chronisch oder lebensgefährlich Erkrankten. - Vorrangige Empfehlung für alle professionell mit Kranken Tätigen, durchaus auch anregend für betreuende und pflegende Familienangehörige. (2) (Uwe-F. Obsen)