Suchergebnisse

In November 2002, the oil tanker Prestige caused a catastrophic oil spill off the coast of Galicia in northwestern Spain. This article discusses the oil spill & the sociopolitical movement that arose from it, Never Again. The analysis begins with an overview of the Galician political system & a chronology of the oil spill & its environmental consequences. The discussion then moves on to the birth of Never Again, with an analysis of its organization, internal debates, & action plans. The development of the movement to the present time is traced, with an analysis of the social & political alliances it has formed, including a discussion of many of the citizens' groups that work with Never Again. The article takes a close look at the political consequences of the movement's work, particularly within the context of the Galician & Spanish political systems. Tables, References. R. Young

Gender impact assessment is one of the most used methodologies for applying gender mainstreaming in public policies. In Spain and in some of its autonomous regions, and contrary to what is done, for example, in the Nordic countries, it is generally established as a compulsive rule that all the legislation and rulings proposed and approved by the central and regional governments should be accompanied by a gender impact assessment evaluation, taking into consideration the gender of its contents. Is this compulsory rule enough to consider that gender perspective is included in the actual legislation? This article focuses on the application of the gender impact assessments in the Galician autonomous region, with the aim of discerning whether the use of this methodology has influenced the contents of the legislation approved at regional level. For this purpose, a total of 150 gender impact assessments done between 2004 and 2008 will be analysed using quantitative and qualitative methodologies. This analysis will take into account several key issues regarding this assessments impact: the political areas where those assessments seem to have a bigger impact, the areas of the gender system to change and the agents involved in preparing the assessments. With the analysis of this instrument's construction and implementation, we aim to contribute for a better theoretical understanding and a practical evaluation of the use of gender mainstreaming. Adapted from the source document.

INTRODUCTION: More than 70% of world mortality is due to chronic conditions. Furthermore, it has been proven that social determinants have an enormous impact on both health-related behaviour and on the received attention from healthcare services. These determinants cause health inequalities. The objective of this study is to reduce the burden of chronic diseases in five European regions, hereby focusing on vulnerable populations, and to increase the sustainability of health systems by implementing a chronic disease self-management programme (CDSMP). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: 2000 people with chronic conditions or informal caregivers belonging to vulnerable populations, will be enrolled in the CDSMP in Spain, Italy, the UK, France and the Netherlands. Inclusion of patients will be based on geographical, socioeconomic and clinical stratification processes. The programme will be evaluated in terms of self-efficacy, quality of life and cost-effectiveness using a combination of validated questionnaires at baseline and 6 months from baseline. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study will follow the directives of the Helsinki Declaration and will adhere to the European Union General Data Protection Regulation. The project's activities, progress and outcomes will be disseminated via promotional materials, the use of mass media, online activities, presentations at events and scientific publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN70517103; Pre-results.

International audience ; Introduction : More than 70% of world mortality is due to chronic conditions. Furthermore, it has been proven that social determinants have an enormous impact on both health-related behaviour and on the received attention from healthcare services. These determinants cause health inequalities. The objective of this study is to reduce the burden of chronic diseases in five European regions, hereby focusing on vulnerable populations, and to increase the sustainability of health systems by implementing a chronic disease self-management programme (CDSMP).Methods and analysis : 2000 people with chronic conditions or informal caregivers belonging to vulnerable populations, will be enrolled in the CDSMP in Spain, Italy, the UK, France and the Netherlands. Inclusion of patients will be based on geographical, socio economic and clinical stratification processes. The programme will be evaluated in terms of self-efficacy, quality of life and cost-effectiveness using a combination of validated questionnaires at baseline and 6 months from baseline.Ethics and dissemination : This study will follow the directives of the Helsinki Declaration and will adhere to the European Union General Data Protection Regulation. The project's activities, progress and outcomes will be disseminated via promotional materials, the use of mass media, online activities, presentations at events and scientific publications.

Travel demand forecasting models play an important role in guiding policy, planning, and design of transportation systems. There is no shortage of literature critiquing the accuracy of model forecasts (see, for example, Pickrell, 1989; Wachs, 1990; Pickrell, 1992; Flyvbjerg, Skamris Holm, and Buhl 2005; Richmond, 2005; Flyvbjerg, 2007; Bain, 2009; Parthasarathi and Levinson, 2010; Welde and Odeck, 2011; Hartgen, 2013; Nicolaisen and Driscoll, 2014; Schmitt, 2016; Odeck and Welde, 2017, and Voulgaris, 2019), not to mention several high-profile lawsuits (Saulwick 2014, Stacey 2015, Rubin 2018). Many researchers and practitioners feel more can be done to advance rigorous travel analysis methods for the public good (see, e.g., zephyrtransport.org). Motivated by these critiques, a two-day, NSF-funded workshop was held at UC Berkeley in the Spring of 2017 to engage in a fundamental review of the state of the art in travel demand modeling, to discuss the future of the field, and to propose new directions and processes for advancing the science.Travel demand forecasting is an inherently practical enterprise. While academics drive the fundamental research, the users of travel demand models and forecasts are typically government agencies and transport operators that use the models to inform long-range investment, funding, and planning decisions. Private firms play a key role in assisting the agencies in both development and application of the models, and, more recently, high-tech firms have entered the development fray. While all of these actors have important roles in advancing the science of the field, in this report we focus our attention primarily on the academic side of the enterprise, consistent with the orientation of the funding agency (NSF), and in order to make the task manageable. That said, other sectors are represented in various parts of this report as they interface with academics or play particularly central roles in our proposals for advancing the science.