Suchergebnisse

On average, Latino adolescents in the United States (U.S.) are at an elevated risk for developing internalizing symptoms, externalizing behaviors, and engaging in binge drinking. Latino youth in rural U.S. contexts may be particularly at risk. Parent–adolescent relationships may be associated with each of these indicators of maladjustment, as well as the co-occurrence of these issues. In the current study, adjustment profiles based on internalizing symptoms, externalizing behaviors, and binge drinking among 198 Latino adolescents (Mage = 15.90, SD = 1.47) living in rural areas of the United States were examined. Further, the association of adjustment profiles with parental behavioral involvement, parental monitoring, and familial ethnic socialization was tested. Four adjustment profiles emerged from a cluster analysis (i.e., low risk, internalizing risk, externalizing risk, co-occurring risk). Results indicated that adolescents in the co-occurring risk profile reported the lowest levels of parental monitoring compared to the other three profiles, lower familial ethnic socialization compared to the low risk and internalizing risk profiles, and lower parental behavioral involvement compared to the internalizing risk profile. The findings have implications for family-based, culturally informed interventions to encourage positive adjustment among Latino adolescents in rural areas of the United States.

A body of literature has increased our understanding of ethnic identity formation among ethnic minorities, but there remains a dearth of research focused on the ethnic identity formation of biethnic adolescents. Biethnic adolescents are likely to have unique experiences related to ethnicity that significantly alter the course of their ethnic identity formation. As such, a conceptual framework of biethnic identity is needed to guide future empirical work on biethnic identity and, ultimately, increase the field's understanding of this critical developmental process among biethnic adolescents. This article provides a review of theoretical and empirical work on ethnic identity among monoethnic adolescents, and, guided by the cultural ecological framework, an ecological framework of biethnic identity development is proposed.

AbstractThe purpose of this critical review is to examine the relationship between ethnic‐racial socialization (ERS) and African American mental health outcomes to identify the potential value of ERS in psychotherapy. Using the systematic research synthesis (SRS) process, we identified 21 peer‐reviewed studies that investigated the relationship between ERS and mental health outcomes such as anger, depression, and self‐esteem. We also included articles that tested ERS as a moderator of the relationship between discrimination experiences and mental health. The results support ERS as a protective factor against negative mental health outcomes. Importantly, ERS messages that emphasize culture and racial pride may be more consistently associated with positive outcomes than ERS messages that focus on preparing for racial bias. We also provide implications and suggestions for researchers wanting to expand the ERS literature and clinicians interested in incorporating ERS in their therapeutic practice and parent‐training programs.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the experiences of Latino youth and their parents who are at risk for detainment or deportation to gain an in‐depth understanding of the impact of the risk for parental deportation on psychosocial well‐being.BackgroundChildren born in the United States to foreign‐born parents comprise approximately 27% of the U.S. population. Approximately 5.7 million U.S.‐born children live with parents without legal residency documentation, and nearly 500,000 children had at least one parent detained or deported over a 2‐year period. There is a high risk for negative child and family outcomes associated with parental deportation.MethodA constructivist grounded theory design was used to complete semistructured interviews with families (N = 16) at risk for parental deportation. A quantitative trauma assessment was used to triangulate qualitative findings.ResultsResults indicated four core themes: (a) parents and youth experience emotional distress associated with the risk of deportation, (b) parents and youth experience injustices associated with the threat of deportation, (c) children experience their freedoms as conditional, and (d) children suffer.ConclusionsConcepts from ambiguous loss and developmental trauma may aid our understanding of family emotional distress associated with the risk for deportation and improve family services aimed to promote family well‐being.ImplicationsFamily scholar‐advocate and scholar‐activist approaches, in which we use our positions of privilege to educate others about the needs of underserved families, may be helpful for families at‐risk for deportation.

This research focused on undocumented male Guatemalan migrant adolescents' experiences and stressors in United States agriculture. Study 1 applied a phenomenological method to explore work–life experiences of Guatemalan minors (n = 10) aged 15–17 (Mage = 16.4). Findings highlighted three themes (1) "Just keep pushing forward," (2) "It feels ugly but that's life," and (3) "I have to do everything on my own." Using a separate sample, Study 2 examined the association between stressors and depressive symptoms among Guatemalan migrant adolescents (n = 28), aged 15–20 (Mage = 17.71). Results showed loneliness, social isolation, and work conditions as correlates for depressive symptoms. Findings highlighted a distinct developmental path among migrant farmworker adolescents and offered insight into their resilience and developmental threats.

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this research is to understand the factors contributing to Latino adolescents' migration and entrance into U.S. agriculture.BackgroundAdolescent Latino migrants pursuit of work in the United States could be considered a family strategy to generate income. However, little is known regarding the degree to which the decision to migrate for work depends on family financial need.MethodIn Study 1, a transcendental‐phenomenological approach explored views on migration and work choice among 20 (Mage = 17.75 years) adolescent Guatemalan and Mexican migrants in the southeastern United States. Based on Study 1 findings and in a separate sample (N = 36; Mage = 17.81 years), Study 2 examined migration decisions, farmwork, and their associations with cultural values, frequency of remittances, and family's financial dependency.ResultsStudy 1 highlighted four major themes: "It was the best thing I could do," "It was my decision," "Farmwork just made sense," and "This is just temporary." Study 2 showed significant relationships between the decision to migrate to the United States and the decision to work in U.S. agriculture with Latino and U.S. mainstream values.ConclusionAdolescent Guatemalan and Mexican migrant farmworkers endorsed a bicultural orientation wherein temporary U.S. agricultural work contributed to family well‐being and getting ahead in life.ImplicationsAdolescents' international migration for work is a complex reality wherein family and individual cultural values come together for family survival and prosperity. Future research should consider family interdependence among Latino parents and adolescents.

Given the salience of sibling relationships for Mexican American individuals, we examined the role of sibling support in the associations between discrimination, ethnic identity (EI), and the adjustment of Mexican American college students ( N = 171, 80.7% female, Mage = 21.6 years). Findings revealed that under conditions of high sibling support, discrimination was positively associated with EI resolution, which, in turn, was positively associated with self-esteem. Under conditions of low sibling support, discrimination was negatively associated with EI affirmation, which, in turn, was positively associated with self-esteem. Under conditions of low sibling support, there was a negative association between discrimination and EI affirmation, which, in turn, was negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the processes by which discrimination is associated with adjustment and the protective role of sibling support for Mexican American college students experiencing discrimination.