This article analyses the links between populist radical right parties and their voters regarding European integration in 11 European countries. It does so by using data from the 2008 European Social Survey and the 2006 UNC-Chapel Hill Expert Data Base on political parties and European integration. In addition to mapping the Eurosceptic orientations of political parties and their voters, the article examines the degree to which attitudes towards the EU and voting for populist radical parties are connected to each other. The results lend support to the hypothesis that most populist radical right parties have managed to establish links with their voters regarding European integration. The analysis also shows that links between populist radical right parties and their voters tend to be stronger for those parties that adopt more extreme negative positions towards European integration. Adapted from the source document.
The mass adoption of the Internet has produced a deluge of data, a phenomenon termed as the 'new oil' of the digital economy. When this data is combined with algorithms, it enables the creation of computer systems capable to take decisions depending on context. Initially used as 'expert' systems in controlled environments only, they are now starting to enter the public space in the form of devices such as self-driving cars or drones, but also increasingly as part of decision making systems with direct political effects. In this paper, we evaluate the destabilization potential of algorithmic decision making looking at the normative foundations of the theory of democracy, focusing on the contributions of preference formation with an emphasis on diversity and inclusion.