Suchergebnisse

International audience ; Promoting the development of farming systems towards more sustainable forms, in particular maintaining production without harming the environment, means being able to analyse these systems in their complexity and dynamic, at the same time providing the means to assess their ecological intensification. The approaches to these livestock systems have to be adapted to this aim. This is what we have done as part of a study on the diversity of goat farming systems (GFS) in Livradois-Forez, a small region of fairly low mountains in France. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 farmers, a sample selected to cover the diversity of livestock forms in this territory. We analysed the operation of livestock systems, looking at the system configurations (dimensions, buildings and equipment, labour force, combinations of farming activities, production project) and the combination of management practices (crops, herds and valorisation of products). We also analysed the place of the goat system within the family farm's long term trajectory. To assess the ecological intensification in GFS, we mobilized the five agroecology principles for the design of sustainable livestock systems proposed by Dumont et al. (2013): (i) adopting management practices aimed at improving animal health, (ii) decreasing inputs for production, (iii) decreasing pollution by optimizing the metabolic functioning of the farming system, (iv) enhancing diversity within animal production systems to strengthen their resilience and (v) preserving biological diversity in agro-ecosystems by adapting management practices. We present this approach and illustrate its application to our case study. We show the interest of understanding the diversity of livestock forms and identify what promotes or limits the development of these systems into more ecologically-intensive forms. '

International audience ; Promoting the development of farming systems towards more sustainable forms, in particular maintaining production without harming the environment, means being able to analyse these systems in their complexity and dynamic, at the same time providing the means to assess their ecological intensification. The approaches to these livestock systems have to be adapted to this aim. This is what we have done as part of a study on the diversity of goat farming systems (GFS) in Livradois-Forez, a small region of fairly low mountains in France. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 farmers, a sample selected to cover the diversity of livestock forms in this territory. We analysed the operation of livestock systems, looking at the system configurations (dimensions, buildings and equipment, labour force, combinations of farming activities, production project) and the combination of management practices (crops, herds and valorisation of products). We also analysed the place of the goat system within the family farm's long term trajectory. To assess the ecological intensification in GFS, we mobilized the five agroecology principles for the design of sustainable livestock systems proposed by Dumont et al. (2013): (i) adopting management practices aimed at improving animal health, (ii) decreasing inputs for production, (iii) decreasing pollution by optimizing the metabolic functioning of the farming system, (iv) enhancing diversity within animal production systems to strengthen their resilience and (v) preserving biological diversity in agro-ecosystems by adapting management practices. We present this approach and illustrate its application to our case study. We show the interest of understanding the diversity of livestock forms and identify what promotes or limits the development of these systems into more ecologically-intensive forms. '

International audience ; Promoting the development of farming systems towards more sustainable forms, in particular maintaining production without harming the environment, means being able to analyse these systems in their complexity and dynamic, at the same time providing the means to assess their ecological intensification. The approaches to these livestock systems have to be adapted to this aim. This is what we have done as part of a study on the diversity of goat farming systems (GFS) in Livradois-Forez, a small region of fairly low mountains in France. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 farmers, a sample selected to cover the diversity of livestock forms in this territory. We analysed the operation of livestock systems, looking at the system configurations (dimensions, buildings and equipment, labour force, combinations of farming activities, production project) and the combination of management practices (crops, herds and valorisation of products). We also analysed the place of the goat system within the family farm's long term trajectory. To assess the ecological intensification in GFS, we mobilized the five agroecology principles for the design of sustainable livestock systems proposed by Dumont et al. (2013): (i) adopting management practices aimed at improving animal health, (ii) decreasing inputs for production, (iii) decreasing pollution by optimizing the metabolic functioning of the farming system, (iv) enhancing diversity within animal production systems to strengthen their resilience and (v) preserving biological diversity in agro-ecosystems by adapting management practices. We present this approach and illustrate its application to our case study. We show the interest of understanding the diversity of livestock forms and identify what promotes or limits the development of these systems into more ecologically-intensive forms. '

RESUMO Estudo com objetivo de avaliar a Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT) e o nível de estresse de trabalhadores da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) em uma cidade de tríplice fronteira. Trata-se de pesquisa transversal da qual participaram 120 profissionais da APS, que responderam a questionários sociodemográfico, ocupacional, de hábitos de vida, instrumento de QVT abreviado (QWLQ-Bref) e Escala do Estresse Percebido (PSS 13). Verificou-se associação da QVT e dos níveis de estresse com variáveis sociodemográficas e de estilo de vida com uso do teste t de Student, Anova, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. Em seguida, realizou-se regressão linear múltipla. Os resultados mostraram escore médio de QVT dos profissionais de 62,8±10,0 e escore médio de estresse percebido de 24,5±6,0. A variável satisfação com o trabalho se manteve estatisticamente associada à QVT global, com o domínio psicológico e o nível de estresse. A cor da pele e o sexo se associaram aos domínios pessoal e profissional da QVT, respectivamente. Conclui-se que a satisfação com o trabalho é um fator importante na determinação da melhor QVT e na proteção contra o estresse. Esses resultados apontam aspectos a serem considerados pelos serviços de saúde para melhor abordagem à saúde mental do trabalhador.

Feeding goats with calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) can supply ruminants with lipids, with minimal effects on ruminal fermentation and fiber digestibility. However, there is a shortage of information on the effect of CSFA on characteristics of rumen fermentation in grassland goats. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the addition of CSFA to concentrate on the parameters of rumen fermentation of grazing goats. Five rumen cannulated goats were distributed in a Latin square 5x5 design (treatments: 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5% and 6.0% CSFA. The pH, ammonia N and volatile fatty acids (VFA) content were analyzed in the ruminal fluid at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after concentrate supplementation. The pH and ammonia N concentration showed a linear effect with the addition of CSFA. There was no effect observed for the VFA molar concentration after grazing goats were fed with the experimental diet. In conclusion, further research is needed to investigate the addition of CSFA to goat diets because there is evidence that CSFA increases ruminal pH and decreases excess ruminal ammonia without changing the VFA concentration in the rumen fluid.

Objective: To identify the factors that contribute to the increase of hospitalization time in the hospital environment. Methods: A prospective study was carried out with patients admitted to the male and female surgical clinics of a philanthropic hospital in Montes Claros (MG) during the month of November 2011. The study included patients who extrapolated hospital stay beyond the number of days authorized by the Unified Health System. The data came from the medical records of hospitalized patients. Results: The reasons for extrapolated permanence were varied. The most frequent were delays or cancellations of surgical procedures, clinical destabilization, waiting for stabilization of the clinical picture and patients in antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: The mentioned factors contribute to increase the average permanence, increasing the hospital cost and decreasing the rotation of the beds, pointing out the necessity of complex measures to control these factors.

Objective: To comprehend the knowledge and practices of caregivers of elderly people with Alzheimer disease (AD). Method: A descriptive and qualitative conducted with relatives and/or caregivers of AD patients enrolled in the Unimed of North of Minas Gerais. Data were obtained by interview and recorded. Results: The results showed the following categories: "Knowledge about Alzheimer disease", "Care provided to patients with the disease", "Feelings when caring for the elderly with Alzheimer Disease". It is observed that the knowledge of caregivers about AD is confused. Due to this daily care performed by these caregivers, many impacts can be seen in the lives of respondents, such as changes in daily life, financial difficulties and impacts on their health. Conclusion: The need of a multidisciplinary team of caregivers for guidance on issues related to the disease in order to they can learn to deal with the elderly suffering from Alzheimer disease.

This study aims to validate, by means of subcutaneous rump fat thickness (RFT), the suitability of the visual evaluation of body condition score (BCS) to indicate the body condition of crossbred dairy cows (Holstein x Zebu) during the transition period and early lactation. Animals were selected according to lactation period and distributed into three groups: PP (0 to 4 weeks antepartum; n = 30), L4 (0 to 4 weeks postpartum; n = 15), and L + 5 (5 to 14 weeks postpartum; n = 63). The relationship among RFT, BCS, and body weight (BW) was investigated using correlation and regression analyses. The variables BCS, RFT, and BW were different among the three groups (P < 0.05). The correlations between BCS and RFT were higher in groups PP and L + 5 (r = 0.78 and r = 0.71 respectively). However, the L4 group showed a weak correlation (r = -0.04). The regression models were able to explain how much RFT varies because of changes in BCS, with coefficients of determination equal to 0.61 for PP and 0.51 for L + 5 group. In conclusion, BCS can be considered a good predictor of RFT for crossbred Holstein x Zebu cows in antepartum and postpartum for over 5 weeks of lactation.

<p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the intake, performance parameters, digestibility of dry matter, and nutrients in diets with increasing levels of metabolizable energy containing protected fat, as well as the economic analysis of the diets of ½ Boer x ½ Saanen goat kids finished in a feedlot. Twenty-eight uncastrated male goat kids with an initial weight of 19.02 ± 2.20 kg and an age of 88 ± 5.77 days were used and assigned to a completely randomized design in four diets: a control with 2.5 Mcal ME/kg DM and the others with 2.6, 2.7, and 2.8 Mcal ME/kg DM with protected fat (Lactoplus®). The animals were kept on experiment until they reached approximately 32 kg of weight. In order to estimate digestibility, we used ADFi as an internal marker. There were treatment effects on the intake of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, and non-fiber carbohydrates. We observed a quadratic effect of diets on daily weight gain and feed conversion. The diets had no effect on the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, or gross energy. The digestibility of non-fiber carbohydrates and total carbohydrates showed a linear decrease, and crude protein increased linearly. We observed a quadratic behavior in ether extract digestibility resulting from the inclusion of protected fat in the diets. The serum cholesterol level was influenced by the diets and showed a linear increase. The economic evaluation was favorable, with a larger net revenue value for the diet with 2.5 Mcal ME/kg DM. The increase of energy density of diet for ½ Boer x ½ Saanen goat kid through the inclusion of protected fat influences negatively the intake of dry matter and the digestibility of non-fiber carbohydrates and total carbohydrates without improving the growth performance of the animals.</p>