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"In this new and original study of the origins of the United States Constitution, award winning scholar Lawrence Goldstone demonstrates that what was left out of the document by the Framers is of equal importance to what was included. Because of the deep divisions present in the United States at the beginning of the Republic, delegates to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 were unwilling, and often unable, to force a plan for government that would be both comprehensive and sufficiently acceptable to competing interests to achieve ratification. Rather than risk rejection, they chose to leave many key areas of governance vague or undefined, hoping the flaws could be dealt with after the Constitution had become the 'supreme law of the land.' Although successful in the short term, that strategy left the Constitution ecessively prone to subjective interpretation and, as a result, the United States was rendered vulnerable to anti-democratic initiatives and the perpetuation of minority rule, both of which plague th enation today. Thus, a constitution drfted to ensure 'a more perfect union' has instead begotten dysfunction and disunion. The ossification of America's political process is to a significant degree due not to what the Constitution says but rather from what it fails to say. The only way to address the threat these omissions engender is to identify the flaws and then complete the Constitution by fashioning legislative solutions to fill the gaps"--

In their pursuit of social justice, revolutionaries have taken on the assembled might of monarchies, empires, and dictatorships. They have often, though not always, sparked cataclysmic violence, and have at times won miraculous victories, though at other times suffered devastating defeat.This Very Short Introduction illuminates the revolutionaries, their strategies, their successes and failures, and the ways in which revolutions continue to dominate world events and the popular imagination. Starting with the city-states of ancient Greece and Rome, Jack Goldstone traces the development of revolutions through the Renaissance and Reformation, the Enlightenment and liberal constitutional revolutions such as in America, and their opposite--the communist revolutions of the 20th century. He shows how revolutions overturned dictators in Nicaragua and Iran and brought the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, and examines the new wave of non-violent "color" revolutions--the Philippines' Yellow Revolution, Ukraine's Orange Revolution--and the Arab Uprisings of 2011-12 that rocked the Middle East.In this new edition, Goldstone also sheds light on the major theories of revolution, exploring the causes of revolutionary waves, the role of revolutionary leaders, the strategies and processes of revolutionary change, and the intersection between revolutions and shifting patterns of global power. Further, he explores the role social media and nonviolence play in modern revolutions. Finally, he examines the reasons for diverse revolutionary outcomes, from democracy to civil war and authoritarian rule, and the likely future of revolution in years to come

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Prologue: Bigotry Triumphant -- 1. Free and White -- 2. White, Black . . . and Gold -- 3. Enter the Japanese -- 4. Birthright -- 5. Yellow Peril -- 6. Workers of the West Unite -- 7. Tremors -- 8. Gentlemen . . . and Ladies -- 9. This Land Is (Not) Your Land -- 10. A Home of One's Own (Children) -- 11. The Golden West -- 12. The Heart of an American -- 13. What Meets the Eye -- 14. Turning the Soil -- 15. Slamming the Door -- 16. Banzai and Baseball -- 17. Loyalty -- 18. Fear and Fiction -- 19. An Illusion of Disloyalty -- 20. No Island Paradise -- 21. Infamy -- 22. Four Who Refused -- 23. A Caricature of Justice -- 24. The Courage to Do What's Right -- 25. Shame -- Notes -- Selected Bibliography -- Index -- Back Cover.

Free and white -- White, black . . . and gold -- Ah yup -- Enter the Japanese -- Birthright -- Exclusion -- The workers . . . -- . . . and the boss --Tremors -- A convenient target -- Mr. Schmitz goes to Washington -- Here come the brides -- This land is (not) your land -- Fake news -- Slamming the golden door -- All in the family -- The golden west --The heart of an American -- What meets the eye -- Turning the soil -- Banzai and baseball -- Fear and fiction -- No island paradise -- Infamy -- Four who refused.

Prologue: The end of a long wait -- Separate -- Land of Lincoln -- Resistance -- From the ashes of Springfield -- To the courts -- The red summer -- Passing the torch: The "new Negro" movement -- The challenge -- To the courts once more -- Thurgood Marshall joins the fray -- Setbacks -- No turning back -- Renewing the Attack -- A school of one's own -- The main event -- Student revolt -- Kansas -- The battle is joined -- A change at the top -- Round 2 -- The meaning of equality -- Making it real -- Legacy.

"Following the Civil War, the Reconstruction era raised a new question to those in power in the US: Should African Americans, so many of them former slaves, be granted the right to vote? In a bitter partisan fight over the legislature and Constitution, the answer eventually became yes, though only after two constitutional amendments, two Reconstruction Acts, two Civil Rights Acts, three Enforcement Acts, the impeachment of a president, and an army of occupation. Yet, even that was not enough to ensure that African American voices would be heard, or their lives protected. White supremacists loudly and intentionally prevented black Americans from voting -- and they were willing to kill to do so. In this vivid portrait of the systematic suppression of the African American vote, critically acclaimed author Lawrence Goldstone traces the injustices of the post-Reconstruction era through the eyes of incredible individuals, both heroic and barbaric, and examines the legal cases that made the Supreme Court a partner of white supremacists in the rise of Jim Crow. Though this is a story of America's past, Goldstone brilliantly draws direct links to today's creeping threats to suffrage in this important and, alas, timely book"--

Introduction -- Prologue : Overthrow -- Who Votes? -- Two Amendments... -- Power in Black and White : The Klan -- ....and a Third : Equal Rights Comes to the Ballot Box -- A Fragile Illusion -- Any Way You Slice It : The Slaughter-House Cases -- Equality by Law: The Civil Rights Act of -- The Uncertainty of Language : United States v. Reese -- Rutherfraud Ascends, But Not Equal Rights -- A Slight Case of Murder : The Strange Journey of Strauder v. West Virginia. -- Tightening the Knot: Virginia v. Rives -- Strangling the Constitution : The Civil Rights Cases. -- The Curious Incident of the Chinese Laundry and Equal Protection -- Mississippi Leads the South -- The First Test : Mills v. Green. -- Peer Review : Williams v. Mississippi. -- Refining Redemption -- Forging an Attack -- The Window Slams Shut : Giles v Harris. -- Epilogue : Stolen Justice.

A history of the controversial attack sub traces the story of the submarine's invention, exploring how self-taught innovator John Philip Holland's obsession with the idea of controlled undersea navigation led to decades of skepticism, setbacks, and innovation

The Encyclopedia of Political Revolutions is an important reference work that describes revolutionary events that have affected and often changed the course of history. Suitable for students and interested lay readers yet authoritative enough for scholars, its 200 articles by leading scholars from around the world provide quick answers to specific questions as well as in-depth treatment of events and trends accompanying revolutions. Includes descriptions of specific revolutions, important revolutionary figures, and major revolutionary themes such as communism and socialism, ideology, and natio