The paper analyses the availability and energy potential of biomass originating from agriculture and animal husbandry in Serbia, and generally recommends the necessary changes in order to increase the use of biomass as an energy source in Serbia. Also, detailed analysis of a simple example of the possible applications of biomass to livestock farms is presented. ; Research was performed during training program at Hiroshima University "Promotion and Dissemination of Biomass Utilization Technology" in January/February 2015, organized by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) under the International Cooperation Program of the Government of Japan. Special gratitude to supervisor of the program, Prof. Dr. Yukihiko Matsumura from Hiroshima University
23 Pág. (This article belongs to the Special Issue Transcriptomics in Autochthonous Breeds or Populations of Livestock and Aquaculture Species) ; This work was aimed at evaluating loin transcriptome and metabolic pathway differences between the two main Serbian local pig breeds with divergent characteristics regarding muscle growth and fatness, as well as exploring nutrigenomic effects of tannin supplementation in Mangalitsa (MA) pigs. The study comprised 24 Mangalitsa and 10 Moravka (MO) males, which were kept under identical management conditions. Mangalitsa animals were divided in two nutritional groups (n = 12) receiving a standard (control) or tannin-supplemented diet (1.5%; MAT). Moravka pigs were fed the standard mixture. All animals were slaughtered at a similar age; 120 kg of average live weight (LW) and loin tissue was used for RNA-seq analysis. Results showed 306 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) according to breed, enriched in genes involved in growth, lipid metabolism, protein metabolism and muscle development, such as PDK4, FABP4, MYOD1 and STAT3, as well as a relevant number of genes involved in mitochondrial respiratory activity (MT-NDs, NDUFAs among others). Oxidative phosphorylation was the most significantly affected pathway, activated in Mangalitsa muscle, revealing the basis of a different muscle metabolism. Also, many other relevant pathways were affected by breed and involved in oxidative stress response, fat accumulation and development of skeletal muscle. Results also allowed the identification of potential regulators and causal networks such as those controlled by FLCN, PPARGC1A or PRKAB1 with relevant regulatory roles on DEGs involved in mitochondrial and lipid metabolism, or IL3 and TRAF2 potentially controlling DEGs involved in muscle development. The Tannin effect on transcriptome was small, with only 23 DEGs, but included interesting ones involved in lipid deposition such as PPARGC1B. The results indicate a significant effect of the breed on muscle tissue gene expression, affecting relevant biological pathways and allowing the identification of strong regulatory candidate genes to underlie the gene expression and phenotypic differences between the compared groups. ; This research was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 634476 (Project acronym: TREASURE). The contents of this manuscript reflects only the views of the authors and the European Union Agency is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. MCP is co-financed by Slovenian Research Agency (grant P4-0133). ; Peer reviewed
