The appliance of alternative propulsions on off road vehicles presents a very popular topic nowadays. Global rise in the price of fossil fuel and the actual global economic crisis contribute even more to the importance of their appliance. Due to a wide area of off road vehicle usage, from agriculture to mining industry, ascertainment of an acceptable and low cost solution of alternative propulsion would significantly reduce the needs for fossil fuel. This paper presents actual solutions of alternative propulsion, which are: - Electrical and - Hybrid, as well as some particular solutions and examples of their practical usage on agricultural working machines and military vehicles. It should be noted that alternative propulsions are more and more used for road motor vehicles, which shows the manufacturers' interest and their more often appearances in the market of serial models with alternative propulsion. ; Primena alternativnih pogona na vanputnim vozilima, danas u Svetu, predstavlja veoma aktuelnu temu. Globalno poskupljenje fosilnih goriva i aktuelna Svetska ekonomska kriza još više doprinose važnosti primene alternativnih pogona. Usled široke oblasti primene vanputnih vozila, od poljoprivrede do rudarstva, iznalaženjem prihvatljivog i jeftinog rešenja alternativnog pogona znatno bi se smanjile potrebe za upotrebom fosilnih goriva. U ovom radu su predstavljena aktuelna rešenja alternativnih pogona i to: - Električnih i - Hibridnih, kao i neka konkretna rešenja i primeri njihove praktične primene na poljoprivrednim i radnim mašinama i vojnim vozilima. Treba reći da su alternativni pogoni sve više zastupljeni i u oblasti drumskih motornih vozila, što pokazuje zainteresovanost proizvođača i sve češće pojavljivanje na tržištu serijskih modela sa alternativnim pogonom.
The appliance of alternative propulsions on off road vehicles presents a very popular topic nowadays. Global rise in the price of fossil fuel and the actual global economic crisis contribute even more to the importance of their appliance. Due to a wide area of off road vehicle usage, from agriculture to mining industry, ascertainment of an acceptable and low cost solution of alternative propulsion would significantly reduce the needs for fossil fuel. This paper presents actual solutions of alternative propulsion, which are: - Electrical and - Hybrid, as well as some particular solutions and examples of their practical usage on agricultural working machines and military vehicles. It should be noted that alternative propulsions are more and more used for road motor vehicles, which shows the manufacturers' interest and their more often appearances in the market of serial models with alternative propulsion. ; Primena alternativnih pogona na vanputnim vozilima, danas u Svetu, predstavlja veoma aktuelnu temu. Globalno poskupljenje fosilnih goriva i aktuelna Svetska ekonomska kriza još više doprinose važnosti primene alternativnih pogona. Usled široke oblasti primene vanputnih vozila, od poljoprivrede do rudarstva, iznalaženjem prihvatljivog i jeftinog rešenja alternativnog pogona znatno bi se smanjile potrebe za upotrebom fosilnih goriva. U ovom radu su predstavljena aktuelna rešenja alternativnih pogona i to: - Električnih i - Hibridnih, kao i neka konkretna rešenja i primeri njihove praktične primene na poljoprivrednim i radnim mašinama i vojnim vozilima. Treba reći da su alternativni pogoni sve više zastupljeni i u oblasti drumskih motornih vozila, što pokazuje zainteresovanost proizvođača i sve češće pojavljivanje na tržištu serijskih modela sa alternativnim pogonom.
Wood biomass potential analysis could include wood biomass from forests, wood biomass from agricultural areas and areas undergoing forestation and waste wood from the wood processing industry. A realistic assessment of permanently available biomass is of vital importance for heat owners or consumers. The available potential does not exclusively depend from the natural conditions (altitude, terrain, etc.) and structure (such as forest and agricultural areas, sawmill, etc.), but also from the wood biomass preparation and usage technology (different types of wood pellets or classic firewood). Modern burning and preparation technologies enable highly efficient energy usage, minimum emissions of harmful substances and comfortable heating in houses. Their introduction is hindered by high investment costs, thus requiring the Serbian government subsidies. ; Analiza potencijalne mogućnosti pribavljanja drvne biomase koja se može koristiti za proizvodnji toplotne energije u domaćinstvima treba da uzme u obzir drvnu biomasu iz šuma, biomasu sa poljoprivrednih površina i površina u pošumljavanju, kao i otpatke iz drvne industrije. Za vlasnika ili korisnika toplotne energije od ključne važnosti je realna procena količina drvne biomase i način pripreme. Potencijali ne zavise samo od prirodnih uslova (nadmorska visina, reljef) i od strukture poseda (površina šume, poljoprivredne površine, pilane) nego i od izabrane tehnologije pripreme i upotrebe drvne biomase (razni tipovi peleta ili klasično pripremljena drva za ogrev). Savremene tehnologije pripreme, a zatim i sagorevanja drvne biomase imaju visoku efikasnost, minimalne emisije CO2 i veliku komfornost upotrebe za grejanje. Prepreke za uvođenje ovakvog načina korišćenja su visoki troškovi investicija, pa su neophodne intervencije iz javnih finansijskih sredstava države Srbije.
Wood biomass potential analysis could include wood biomass from forests, wood biomass from agricultural areas and areas undergoing forestation and waste wood from the wood processing industry. A realistic assessment of permanently available biomass is of vital importance for heat owners or consumers. The available potential does not exclusively depend from the natural conditions (altitude, terrain, etc.) and structure (such as forest and agricultural areas, sawmill, etc.), but also from the wood biomass preparation and usage technology (different types of wood pellets or classic firewood). Modern burning and preparation technologies enable highly efficient energy usage, minimum emissions of harmful substances and comfortable heating in houses. Their introduction is hindered by high investment costs, thus requiring the Serbian government subsidies. ; Analiza potencijalne mogućnosti pribavljanja drvne biomase koja se može koristiti za proizvodnji toplotne energije u domaćinstvima treba da uzme u obzir drvnu biomasu iz šuma, biomasu sa poljoprivrednih površina i površina u pošumljavanju, kao i otpatke iz drvne industrije. Za vlasnika ili korisnika toplotne energije od ključne važnosti je realna procena količina drvne biomase i način pripreme. Potencijali ne zavise samo od prirodnih uslova (nadmorska visina, reljef) i od strukture poseda (površina šume, poljoprivredne površine, pilane) nego i od izabrane tehnologije pripreme i upotrebe drvne biomase (razni tipovi peleta ili klasično pripremljena drva za ogrev). Savremene tehnologije pripreme, a zatim i sagorevanja drvne biomase imaju visoku efikasnost, minimalne emisije CO2 i veliku komfornost upotrebe za grejanje. Prepreke za uvođenje ovakvog načina korišćenja su visoki troškovi investicija, pa su neophodne intervencije iz javnih finansijskih sredstava države Srbije.
Serbian intention for membership in EU requires adoption of overall agricultural system according to the conditions of EU, making the own agricultural policy compatible to the common agricultural policy of EU. Creating of prosperous position for equal competition on international market is one of the main topics. Many of the recent analyses show that the most important issue for solving of this problem is decrement of agricultural mechanization application expenses. Starting from this, in this paper are analyzed production potentials of the Serbian agriculture, considering prosperous conditions for organized using of agricultural machinery in purpose of decreasing expenses as well as total expenses of the agricultural production, e.g. products otal expenses. ; Opredeljenje Srbije da postane član EU, nalaže prilagođavanje ukupnog agrarnog sistema uslovima EU, čineći svoju agrarnu politiku kompatibilnom sa zajedničkom agrarnom politikom EU. Stvaranje povoljne pozicije za ravnopravan ulazak u konkurentsku borbu na međunarodnom tržištu jedan je od glavnih zadataka. Mnoge dosadašnje analize i radovi ukazuju da je u rešavanju ovog zadataka najznačajnije snižavanje troškova primene sredstava mehanizacije. Polazeći od toga, u radu se analiziraju proizvodni potencijali poljoprivrede Srbije, radi sagledavanja pogodnosti uslova za organizovano korišćenje sredstava poljoprivredne tehnike u cilju smanjenja troškova njihove primene, a time i troškova ukupne poljoprivredne proizvodnje, odnosno cene koštanja poljoprivrednih proizvoda.
Serbian intention for membership in EU requires adoption of overall agricultural system according to the conditions of EU, making the own agricultural policy compatible to the common agricultural policy of EU. Creating of prosperous position for equal competition on international market is one of the main topics. Many of the recent analyses show that the most important issue for solving of this problem is decrement of agricultural mechanization application expenses. Starting from this, in this paper are analyzed production potentials of the Serbian agriculture, considering prosperous conditions for organized using of agricultural machinery in purpose of decreasing expenses as well as total expenses of the agricultural production, e.g. products otal expenses. ; Opredeljenje Srbije da postane član EU, nalaže prilagođavanje ukupnog agrarnog sistema uslovima EU, čineći svoju agrarnu politiku kompatibilnom sa zajedničkom agrarnom politikom EU. Stvaranje povoljne pozicije za ravnopravan ulazak u konkurentsku borbu na međunarodnom tržištu jedan je od glavnih zadataka. Mnoge dosadašnje analize i radovi ukazuju da je u rešavanju ovog zadataka najznačajnije snižavanje troškova primene sredstava mehanizacije. Polazeći od toga, u radu se analiziraju proizvodni potencijali poljoprivrede Srbije, radi sagledavanja pogodnosti uslova za organizovano korišćenje sredstava poljoprivredne tehnike u cilju smanjenja troškova njihove primene, a time i troškova ukupne poljoprivredne proizvodnje, odnosno cene koštanja poljoprivrednih proizvoda.
The paper analyzes the possibility and the needs for the use of specific types of robots (mini unmanned aircraft with different designs and the designation of UAVs) and the possibility of using in agriculture (agrodrone). The year 2015 was proclaimed (Fortune Magazine, 2016) as the year of increasing and widespread use of UAVs in various areas of human activity, especially in agriculture and forestry (75% of use). This is important for large farm areas, where UAV has many useful functions and a very cost-effective commercial application. Today, the needs for UAVs have increased sharply with various opportunities for both civilian and military needs. There is also a significant interest in the development of new drones that can autonomously fly in different environments and locations and can perform various missions and tasks. Over the past decade, a wide range of applications for drones has gained the significance that led to the discovery of various types of unmanned UAVs of different sizes and weights. In this review, the classification of UAVs ranging based on a detailed overview of the development of the drone industry in recent years, this paper demonstrates the evolution of drones and differents application technologies. Of course, this development is very advanced and revolutionary, as well as the development of mobile and smart phones and the Internet, which will open the way for many users to participate in defining the future of UAV implementation. LIVONA Company, Belgrade, Serbia (and Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade, in tehnical cooperation) has a study and plans on the implementation of the model micro drone EBee SQ Livona RTK in the future general plans for inspection of protection Soils of territory Minicipality of Stara Pazova (351 km2), and agricultural company Napredak, and exspecially plans for soils of agriculture of R. Serbia. VEKOM GeoCompany from Belgrade, (in cooperation with Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture in ...
The paper analyzes the possibility and the needs for the use of specific types of robots (mini unmanned aircraft with different designs and the designation of UAVs) and the possibility of using in agriculture (agrodrone). The year 2015 was proclaimed (Fortune Magazine, 2016) as the year of increasing and widespread use of UAVs in various areas of human activity, especially in agriculture and forestry (75% of use). This is important for large farm areas, where UAV has many useful functions and a very cost-effective commercial application. Today, the needs for UAVs have increased sharply with various opportunities for both civilian and military needs. There is also a significant interest in the development of new drones that can autonomously fly in different environments and locations and can perform various missions and tasks. Over the past decade, a wide range of applications for drones has gained the significance that led to the discovery of various types of unmanned UAVs of different sizes and weights. In this review, the classification of UAVs ranging based on a detailed overview of the development of the drone industry in recent years, this paper demonstrates the evolution of drones and differents application technologies. Of course, this development is very advanced and revolutionary, as well as the development of mobile and smart phones and the Internet, which will open the way for many users to participate in defining the future of UAV implementation. LIVONA Company, Belgrade, Serbia (and Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade, in tehnical cooperation) has a study and plans on the implementation of the model micro drone EBee SQ Livona RTK in the future general plans for inspection of protection Soils of territory Minicipality of Stara Pazova (351 km2), and agricultural company Napredak, and exspecially plans for soils of agriculture of R. Serbia. VEKOM GeoCompany from Belgrade, (in cooperation with Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade), has a study and plans on the implementation of the model of the drone Aibot KX6 model, in the future of application of agricultural soils of region Open pit Kolubara for area from app. 600 km2 and the other soils of Region). Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade, in cooperation with Municipality of Ub, has a study and plans on the implementation of the model micro drone Hubsan H109S X4 PRO in the future plans general inspection of protection Soils and Waters of territory of Municipality Ub (456 km2). ; U radu su analizirane mogućnosti i potrebe upotrebe specifičnih vrsta robota (mini bespilotnih letelica sa različitim dizajnom, o značane kao UAV) i način korištenja u poljoprivredi (agrodron). Časopis Fortune je 2015.godinu proglasio kao godinu sve većeg i široko rasprostranjene upotrbe UAV letelica, u različitim oblastima ljudske delatnosti, posebno u poljoprivredi i šumarstvu (75% upotrebe). Ovo je naročito važno za velike farme i oblasti pod šumama, gde UAV ima mnogo korisnih funkcija i veoma isplative komercijalne aplikacije. Danas, potrebe za UAV imaju nagli porast sa različitim mogućnostima kako za civilne tako i za vojne potrebe. Takođe postoji značajan interes za razvoj novih bespilotnih letelica koji mogu autonomno leteti u različitim okruženjima i lokacijama i obaviti različite misije i zadatke. Tokom protekle decenije XXI veka, širok spektar aplikacija za bespilotne letelice je dobio značaj koji je doveo do konstrukcija različitih tipova bespilotnih UAV, različitih veličina i težina i svakako namene. Naravno , tehnološki razvoj kod dron sistema je veoma tehničko -tehnološki napredan i revolucionaran, uz razvoj mobilnih i pametnih (android) telefona i interneta, brzo otvora puteve i mogućnosti za mnoge korisnike u definisanju nove budućnosti implementacije UAV različitim oblastima primene. Kompanija Livona d.o.o., Beograd i Institut za poljoprivrednu tehniku, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Beogradu, u tehničkoj saradnji imaju planove o implementaciji modela mikro drona EBee SK Livona RTK u narednim generalnim planovima za inspekciju, zaštitu i korišćenje poljoprivrednih zemljišta Republike Srbije, i posebno teritorije Opštine Stara Pazova (351 km2), gde je posebno mesto poljoprivrednog preduzeća Napredak a.d. VekomGeo d.o.o, Beograd u saradnji sa Institutom za poljoprivrednu tehniku Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu ima planove o budućoj upotrebi drona model Aibot X6, za nadzor na površinama od 600 km2 (i poljoprivredna zemljišta) otvorenog kopa R.B. Kolubara ili drugih objekata. Institut za poljoprivrednu tehniku, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Beogradu, ima planove o saradnji sa opštino m Ub, zbog upotrebe modela mikro drona Hubsan H109S Ks4 PRO u inspekciji oko zaštite i načina korišćenja zemljišta i vo da na ovoj teritoriji (456 km2).
