Suchergebnisse

Frequently debated, infrequently resolved, but crucial to the study of international relations is the issue of the relative influence of personal factors and role factors in decision-making. Are national decision-makers so constrained by their roles that they have little individual freedom? Or, conversely, are their policies shaped in major ways by their own individual preferences

An attempt is made to assess secular trends in perceived parent-youth patterns since the early 1900's in a secondary analysis of data collected from approximately 1,000 men & women over 17 yrs old in each of 5 nations: the US, West Germany, the UK, Italy, & Mexico. The samples in each of the countries are stratified, multi-stage, probability samples. A measure of parental control was constructed from 2 highly interrelated items which indicate the R's involvement in decision-making at the age of 16 & the extent to which his parents were authoritarian in their control. Nat'l trends in democratic parent-youth relations are compared, followed by an assessment of variations in these secular trends by residence & by SC. From the data, it is found that a pronounced upward secular trend toward democratic parent-youth relations over the past 40 yrs appears in the Ur'ized societies of the US, the UK, & West Germany. The gradient is flatter among Italians, while no consistent change toward democratic relations was evident in Mexico. With soc & cultural change, the diffusion of a more democratic conception of superordinate -subordinate relations has not been confined to the home, but is manifested as well in work & educ'al settings. In the 3 most Ur nations, the secular trend varied meaningfully by Ru/Ur composition, SC & historical events, with democratic relations most frequently reported by persons from Mc status. In democracies, the possibilities of change in the private world of the fam are mainly achieved through the consequences of structural modifications in other instit's. E. Weiman.

As career Foreign Service Officers (FSO's) carry out their diplomatic and consular functions, they necessarily assume a unique role in a foreign country as compared with their fellow overseas Americans. Conducting the business of the United States government in the host country, their re lationships with local people take on an inescapable official significance. In addition, their diplomatic status calls for par ticipation in the activities of the local multinational diplomatic corps. The result is a special set of conditions on which For eign Service life overseas is based. In the postwar period, the scope and variety of demands made on the Foreign Service have expanded along with increased United States responsi bilities and a vastly increased number of official Americans abroad. These changing conditions of international diplomacy have posed new problems in defining the professionalism of diplomacy for United States Foreign Service Officers. How ever, the Service is still given cohesion by participation in a common career "subculture" which derives from similarity of experience, the traditions of the Service, a sense of belonging to an FSO community which is dispersed over the world, and a common set of values and objectives.

As career Foreign Service (FS) officers carry out their diplomatic & consular functions, they necessarily assume a unique role in a foreign country as compared with their fellow overseas Amer's. Conducting the business of the US gov in the host country, their relationships with local people take on an inescapable official signif. In addition, their diplomatic status calls for participation in the activities of the local multinat'l diplomatic corps. The result is a special set of conditions on which FS life overseas is based. In the postwar period, the scope & variety of demands made on the FS have expanded along with the increased N of official US citizens abroad. These changing conditions of internat'l diplomacy have posed new problems in defining the professionalism of diplomacy for US FS officers. However, the FS is still given cohesion by participation in a common career `subculture' which derives from similarity of experience, the traditions of the FS, a sense of belonging to an FS officer community which is dispersed over the world, & a common set of values & objectives. HA.

Traces the author's career involvement with life-course studies, highlighting the value of archival data in longitudinal research. The techniques of archival research utilized in coding the data from three longitudinal studies begun in the 1920s-1930s at the Instit of Human Development, U of California, Berkeley, are reviewed, & ongoing findings from the studies are reported. The influence on the author's work of the sociological perspective on the life course, which locates human development within the historical times & places of which individuals are a part, is acknowledged. The continuing development of theories of the life cycle & life course is traced, along with methodological refinements & innovations in the collection & analysis of longitudinal data, 1960s-1990s. 41 References. K. Hyatt Stewart