Biophysics of the Surface Microlayer of Aquatic Ecosystems
Cover -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- 1. Introduction: Surface films and microlayers -- 2. Thermophysics of the surface film of water -- 2.1. Methods of temperature measurement in the surface film -- 2.2. Profile of temperature in the surface film. -- 2.3. Heat balance of the water surface -- 2.3.1. Heat balance equation -- 2.3.2. Influence of air temperature and humidity on the temperature of the surface film -- 2.3.3. Effect of wind on the temperature of the surface film -- 2.4. Descent of cold thermals -- 2.5. Résumé: Temperature -- 3. Aeration through the surface film -- 3.1. The Whitman film model and surface-renewal models -- 3.2. Experimental values of the oxygen transfer coefficient and the diffusion layer thickness -- 3.3. Influence of the wind on the oxygen transfer rate -- 3.4. Influence of the surface film temperature on the oxygen transfer rate -- 3.5. The descent of cold thermals and gas transfer -- 3.6. Résumé: Aeration -- 4. Films of surfactants at the water surface -- 4.1. Fundamentals of physical chemistry of surfactant films -- 4.1.1. Adsorption -- 4.1.2. Surface films of poorly soluble materials -- 4.1.2.1. Sizes of molecules, film structure and surface pressure -- 4.1.2.2. Force-area isotherms -- 4.2. Surfactant films on natural water bodies -- 4.2.1. Force-area isotherms of natural surface films -- 4.2.2. Slicks -- 4.2.3. Surface pressure -- 4.3. Effect of surfactant films on the physical properties of the water surface -- 4.3.1. Retention of evaporation -- 4.3.2. Influence of surfactant films on the temperature of the surface film of water -- 4.3.3. Influence of surfactant films on aeration -- 4.4. Résumé: Surfactant films -- 5. Hydrochemistry of the surface microlayer of natural water bodies -- 5.1. Methods of sampling the SML -- 5.1.1. Net screen -- 5.1.2. Glass plate -- 5.1.3. Rotating drum.
