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In recent years, the changing nature of audiovisual services has had a significant impact on regulatory policy and practice. The adoption of digital technology means that broadcasting, cable, satellite, the Internet and mobile telephony are converging, enabling each of them to deliver the same kinds of content and allowing users to exercise much greater choice over the kind of material that they receive and when they receive it. The essays examine the implications for regulatory design, asking whether there is still a role for traditional-style state controls, or whether other techniques, such as competition in the market and self-regulation, are more appropriate. They also explore how, in the digital era, structural issues of media ownership and control become problems of access and interconnection between services and how content regulation focuses more on problems raised by the interactions between providers and users, the relationship between freedom of information and technologies to control it and the international reach of the new media.

This book provides a critical analysis and highlights a dysfunctional U.S. Army officer personnel management system. The author explains why the best and brightest young officers depart early for civilian careers and what can be done to encourage them to remain on active duty. Kane also outlines why the military's leadership training is so successful and admired by civilian industry.

Although pluralism is widely accepted as a basic characteristic of democratic media, its manifestation in media pluralism policy is generally characterized by a passive approach to dialogue and engagement. Media pluralism policy is typically focused on the mere availability of information resources, and it usually stops short of contemplating how those resources can be created or how they are to be used, even though the underlying assumption is that they will in fact be deployed to the benefit of democratic understanding and decision making. This article examines some normative inferences from theories of political pluralism, and their implications for transforming such a passive form of media pluralism policy to one that is explicitly more active, and analyzes a series of relevant policy measures. It is suggested that such measures should have a much more significant role in liberal democratic media policy to counter increasing trends for new forms of media activity to become more fragmented and yet more narrow.

Although pluralism is widely accepted as a basic characteristic of democratic media, its manifestation in media pluralism policy is generally characterized by a passive approach to dialogue and engagement. Media pluralism policy is typically focused on the mere availability of information resources, and it usually stops short of contemplating how those resources can be created or how they are to be used, even though the underlying assumption is that they will in fact be deployed to the benefit of democratic understanding and decision making. This article examines some normative inferences from theories of political pluralism, and their implications for transforming such a passive form of media pluralism policy to one that is explicitly more active, and analyzes a series of relevant policy measures. It is suggested that such measures should have a much more significant role in liberal democratic media policy to counter increasing trends for new forms of media activity to become more fragmented and yet more narrow.

Communications are being transformed by the combination of digital technology and a global media economy. There is increased convergence between traditional broadcasting, cable distribution, satellite broadcasting, telecommunications and the Internet, which has boosted the sheer volume of programming and information that can be conveyed, and extended its reach at both domestic and international levels. Many will see these developments as an opportunity to promote new media products and to rationalise their operations in a global market place. Others may be concerned that the need to compete successfully in that market place will threaten the survival of local and national cultural identity. In terms of policy and regulation, states may be tempted to emphasise trade and industrial policy, intended to improve transnational competitiveness, at the expense of media and cultural policy, aimed at protecting pluralism and diversity.

Research in education involving sex segregation is dominated by a historic paradigm of conflict and sexual politics theory, even when these paradigms may now be inconsistent with the findings of the latest research. Utilizing the California Department of Education's Professional Assignment Information Form (PAIF) in conjunction with the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) data from 2001-02 to 2008-09 school years this study employs rational choice theory to explain the increases females now enjoy in obtaining the principal position throughout the broad range of schools in California. While previous work contends that women are only gaining access to the principal position in areas that would be seen as "unfavorable" to men, this study finds that women are being made principals systematically in all areas and across nearly all variables. Women are gaining in total proportion of principalships in the more desirable schools in eight of the ten variables studied. Specifically, the hiring of women into principalship positions is increasing in all categories of schools. These include high schools, rich schools, high achieving schools, schools with low pupil-teacher ratios, schools in suburbs and in small towns and in most small schools, regardless of their locations and other factors. Remarkably, these gains are being achieved by women, all while having equal or less education on average than men. However, two variables, "years in the district" and "years teaching", show that women have more years than men in holding the position of principal. The significance of the findings of this study is outlined, as well as suggestions for possible future research.

"Tribunals play a critical role in the lives of the public and are an important feature of the legal landscape. They resolve a greater number of disputes than the Court system and address matters ranging from employment, health, and housing to the ability to practise a profession. New Zealand Tribunals: Law and Practice was written to provide the only legal analysis of the jurisdictions, practices, procedure and current issues of the key tribunals in New Zealand. Prepared by an expert author team, the book aims to provide practical guidance, information and analysis for lawyers and lay people appearing in front of tribunals. The tribunals covered in this book are grouped into three broad categories - personal and real property, professional regulation and rights and entitlements.* The following tribunals and reviewing authorities are examined in detail: Tenancy Tribunal Disputes Tribunal Motor Vehicles Disputes Tribunal Weathertight Homes Copyright Tribunal Intellectual Property Office of New Zealand Lawyers and Conveyancers Architects Engineers Health Practitioners Teachers Real Estate Agents Social Security Legal Aid Tribunal Immigration and Protection Human Rights Mental Health ACC New Zealand Tribunals: Law and Practice is a valuable resource for lawyers, advocates, the general public, and the tribunals themselves. Note: New Zealand Tribunals: Law and Practice does not cover entities comparable to commissions of inquiry (eg the Waitangi Tribunal), independent statutory entities which are quasi-tribunals (eg the Health and Disability Commissioner and the Privacy Commissioner), tribunals which effectively form part of the Court system (eg, the Land Valuation Tribunal) tribunals which have already received significant legal and scholarly analysis elsewhere (eg Employment Relations Authority) or minor Tribunals."--Publisher's website