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Community discovery in complex networks is an interest- ing problem with a number of applications, especially in the knowledge extraction task in social and information net- works. However, many large networks often lack a particular community organization at a global level. In these cases, tra- ditional graph partitioning algorithms fail to let the latent knowledge embedded in modular structure emerge, because they impose a top-down global view of a network. We pro- pose here a simple local-rst approach to community dis- covery, able to unveil the modular organization of real com- plex networks. This is achieved by democratically letting each node vote for the communities it sees surrounding it in its limited view of the global system, i.e. its ego neighbor- hood, using a label propagation algorithm; nally, the local communities are merged into a global collection. We tested this intuition against the state-of-the-art overlapping and non-overlapping community discovery methods, and found that our new method clearly outperforms the others in the quality of the obtained communities, evaluated by using the extracted communities to predict the metadata about the nodes of several real world networks. We also show how our method is deterministic, fully incremental, and has a lim- ited time complexity, so that it can be used on web-scale real networks

Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- The Determinants of Social Connectedness in Europe -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data -- 3 Determinants of European Social Connectedness -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Combining Language Models and Network Features for Relevance-Based Tweet Classification -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Data -- 4 Methods -- 4.1 Text Classification -- 4.2 Network Features -- 4.3 Ensemble Model -- 4.4 Evaluation -- 5 Results -- 5.1 Content-Based Tweet Classification -- 5.2 Results Ensemble Model -- 5.3 Analysis of User Rank Contribution to Tweet Relevance -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Co-spread of Misinformation and Fact-Checking Content During the Covid-19 Pandemic -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 2.1 Misinformation Spread Analysis -- 2.2 Fact-Checking Information Spread -- 3 Co-spread of Misinformation and Corrective Information During the Covid-19 Pandemic -- 3.1 Dataset -- 3.2 Analysed Periods Generation -- 4 Multivariate Spread Variance Analysis -- 4.1 Experimental Setup -- 4.2 Results -- 5 Fact-Checking Misinformation Impact Analysis -- 5.1 Experimental Setup -- 5.2 Results -- 6 Discussion -- 7 Limitations and Future Work -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Facebook Ads: Politics of Migration in Italy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Data -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Characterizing Advertising Around Migration -- 4.2 Audience Targeting -- 5 Discussion -- A Appendix -- References -- It's Not Just About Sad Songs: The Effect of Depression on Posting Lyrics and Quotes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Data Collection and Preparation -- 3.1 myPersonality Dataset -- 3.2 Identifying Quotes in User Timelines -- 4 Quotes/Lyrics and Depressive Symptom Levels -- 4.1 Frequency and Sentiment of Quotes and Lyrics -- 4.2 Sentiment of Quotes -- 4.3 Themes in Quotes -- 5 Discussion and Conclusion -- References.

The pervasive use of information and communication technology (ICT) in modern societies enables countless opportunities for individuals, institutions, businesses and scientists, but also raises difficult ethical and social problems. In particular, ICT helped to make societies more complex and thus harder to understand, which impedes social and political interventions to avoid harm and to increase the common good. To overcome this obstacle, the large-scale EU flagship proposal FuturICT intends to create a platform for accessing global human knowledge as a public good and instruments to increase our understanding of the information society by making use of ICT-based research. In this contribution, we outline the ethical justification for such an endeavor. We argue that the ethical issues raised by FuturICT research projects overlap substantially with many of the known ethical problems emerging from ICT use in general. By referring to the notion of Value Sensitive Design, we show for the example of privacy how this core value of responsible ICT can be protected in pursuing research in the framework of FuturICT. In addition, we discuss further ethical issues and outline the institutional design of FuturICT allowing to address them.

Here we sketch the rudiments of what constitutes a smart city which we define as a city in which ICT is merged with traditional infrastructures, coordinated and integrated using new digital technologies. We first sketch our vision defining seven goals which concern: developing a new understanding of urban problems; effective and feasible ways to coordinate urban technologies; models and methods for using urban data across spatial and temporal scales; developing new technologies for communication and dissemination; developing new forms of urban governance and organisation; defining critical problems relating to cities, transport, and energy; and identifying risk, uncertainty, and hazards in the smart city. To this, we add six research challenges: to relate the infrastructure of smart cities to their operational functioning and planning through management, control and optimisation; to explore the notion of the city as a laboratory for innovation; to provide portfolios of urban simulation which inform future designs; to develop technologies that ensure equity, fairness and realise a better quality of city life; to develop technologies that ensure informed participation and create shared knowledge for democratic city governance; and to ensure greater and more effective mobility and access to opportunities for urban populations. We begin by defining the state of the art, explaining the science of smart cities. We define six scenarios based on new cities badging themselves as smart, older cities regenerating themselves as smart, the development of science parks, tech cities, and technopoles focused on high technologies, the development of urban services using contemporary ICT, the use of ICT to develop new urban intelligence functions, and the development of online and mobile forms of participation. Seven project areas are then proposed: Integrated Databases for the Smart City, Sensing, Networking and the Impact of New Social Media, Modelling Network Performance, Mobility and Travel Behaviour, Modelling Urban Land Use, Transport and Economic Interactions, Modelling Urban Transactional Activities in Labour and Housing Markets, Decision Support as Urban Intelligence, Participatory Governance and Planning Structures for the Smart City. Finally we anticipate the paradigm shifts that will occur in this research and define a series of key demonstrators which we believe are important to progressing a science of smart cities.

The digital revolution has brought about many societal changes such as the creation of "smart cities". The smart city concept has changed the urban ecosystem by embedding digital technologies in the city fabric to enhance the quality of life of its inhabitants. However, it has also led to some pressing issues and challenges related to data, privacy, ethics inclusion, and fairness. While the initial concept of smart cities was largely technology-and data-driven, focused on the automation of traffic, logistics and processes, this concept is currently being replaced by technology-enabled, human-centred solutions. However, this is not the end of the development, as there is now a big trend towards "design for values". In this paper, we point out how a value-sensitive design approach could promote a more sustainable pathway of cities that better serves people and nature. Such "valuesensitive design" will have to take ethics, law and culture on board. We discuss how organising the digital world in a participatory way, as well as leveraging the concepts of self-organisation, selfregulation, and self-control, would foster synergy effects and thereby help to leverage a sustainable technological revolution on a global scale. Furthermore, a "democracy by design" approach could also promote resilience.

The digital revolution has brought about many societal changes such as the creation of "smart cities". The smart city concept has changed the urban ecosystem by embedding digital technologies in the city fabric to enhance the quality of life of its inhabitants. However, it has also led to some pressing issues and challenges related to data, privacy, ethics inclusion, and fairness. While the initial concept of smart cities was largely technology- and data-driven, focused on the automation of traffic, logistics and processes, this concept is currently being replaced by technology-enabled, human-centred solutions. However, this is not the end of the development, as there is now a big trend towards "design for values". In this paper, we point out how a value-sensitive design approach could promote a more sustainable pathway of cities that better serves people and nature. Such "value-sensitive design" will have to take ethics, law and culture on board. We discuss how organising the digital world in a participatory way, as well as leveraging the concepts of self-organisation, self-regulation, and self-control, would foster synergy effects and thereby help to leverage a sustainable technological revolution on a global scale. Furthermore, a "democracy by design" approach could also promote resilience. ; ISSN:2071-1050