Suchergebnisse

The study aims to describe and classify consonant stop sounds of the Balti language, which is spoken in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. In order to describe and classify these sounds, 120 words were selected from literature written in the Balti language. A purposive sample of 20 Balti speakers from 16 to 35 years of age, who were studying in various degree programs at Government College for Boys, Model Town, Lahore and University of Management and Technology, Lahore, was selected to record possible Balti consonant stop sounds. The physical features of each consonant stop sound were carried through the software package for speech analysis in phonetics. The study reveals that there are 15 consonant stop sounds in the Balti language. The study helps document the Balti language, which follows mostly a verbal tradition like many other languages of the region.

International audience ; Lahore is a fast-growing metropolis experiencing rapid growth in people and vehicle population. This unprecedented growth has led to urban sprawl, dependency on motorized transport, and increased parking space demands throughout the city limits. Off-street parking supply is insufficient and the demand is met mainly by roadside parking with and without any authorization. Parking on the roads and sidewalks has resulted in reduction in traffic capacity, traffic speed variation, accidents and disruption in smooth flow of traffic. Though the government has adopted measures in the past to streamline roadside parking activities, these efforts have proved counter-productive. This paper provides a critical analysis of the existing parking situation in Lahore based on detailed surveys and interviews. It presents an assessment of the functional performance of selected parking sites located at various roads. The findings not only provide significant evidence of the problems caused by haphazard curbside parking but also highlight its prospects if managed properly. The paper argues that absence of by-laws governing curbside parking, weak institutions, and inadequate public transport are the main causes of prevailing parking crisis. It concludes that development of curbside parking regulations in line with urban transport policy is a first step towards managing existing and future curbside parking resources in Lahore.

In Faisalabad, Pakistan, the government has channelled the regulation of urban public transport through a non-governmental organisation. The Faisalabad Urban Transport Society (FUTS) provides a regulatory alternative to direct government control. In 1994, it assumed responsibility for services and fares. This paper analyses the services offered under both regimes. (DSE/DÜI)

This study emphasizes the utility and concerns of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) on various sectors of Pakistan&rsquo ; s economy through the lens of real stakeholders. Specifically, this study focuses on three aspects: the beneficiary of CPEC ; CPEC&rsquo ; s effects on employment, GDP, foreign direct investment and personal income in Pakistan ; and the concerns regarding Pakistan&rsquo ; s sovereignty. A qualitative research approach was adopted to explore the objectives of the study. To analyze these aspect, in-depth interviews from different Pakistan&rsquo ; s business community are conducted. Our study finds that CPEC will not only beneficial for both Pakistan and China, but also for other neighbouring countries in the region. To validate these findings, interviewee&rsquo ; s data is analyzed in the light of semantic analysis approach. Our study illustrates that, the development along the corridor will produce employment opportunities that will raise the income level of a common person of Pakistan, and the industrial growth in Pakistan through CPEC will have a positive effect on the country&rsquo ; s GDP. Our study also concludes that CPEC doesn&rsquo ; t pose any threat to Pakistan&rsquo ; s sovereignty. The stakeholders of CPEC are concerned over the intentions of Pakistan government ; that need to be clarified. This research study also suggests the maximum benefits out of this mega venture.

The career selection process is a very important decisionin every student's life. Many factors are affecting before thetaking a decision on their future career. In this study, the researcher wants toinvestigate the influence of respondents' parental cultural capital of selectedareas. Some other factors like; the profession of their parents, their residenceand the income of their family on the career selection process of 320students of tertiary level education from the government sector graduatecolleges of District Layyah. In this study, the researcher also investigatedthose students who are studying in the B.S. program; either they are in theirown will, or they faced some external forces with selecting this field of study.For this proposal, the data was collected through a questionnaire. The resultsshow the parents influence as most significant in the career selection processof the students at the higher education level. It is recommended that parentsequally mobilize their resources, such as social and cultural capital, to theirchildren. This will help them make wise career decisions.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the relation between stock market volatility and macroeconomic fundamentals for G-7 countries using monthly data over the period from July 1985 to June 2015.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical methodology is based on two steps: in the first step, the authors obtain the conditional volatilities of stock market returns and macroeconomic variables through the GARCH family of models. The authors also incorporate the impact of early 2000s dotcom and the global financial crises. In the second step, the authors estimate multivariate vector autoregressive model to analyze the dynamic relation between stock markets return and macroeconomic variables.FindingsThe overall results for G-7 countries indicate a weak volatility transmission from macroeconomic factors to stock market volatility at individual level but the collective impact of volatility transmission is highly significant. Although, the results of block exogeneity indicate a bidirectional causality except UK, but the causal linkage is quite weak from stock market to macroeconomic variables. Moreover, the local financial variables excluding interest rate are closely integrated, and the volatility of industrial production growth and oil price are identified as the most significant macroeconomic factors that could possibly influence the directions of stock markets.Originality/valueThis research establishes the nature of the links between stock market and macroeconomic volatility. Research to date has been unable to satisfactorily establish the empirical nature of such links. The authors believe this paper begins to do this.

Locating and planning charging stations for Low-Emission Vehicles (LEVs) such as Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV), Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vehicle (HFCV), and Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) are becoming increasingly important for LEV users, government, and the automobile industry. Conventional planning approach of charging station usually plans single functional charging station that can only serve one kind of LEVs, and other factors such as fuel type, driving range, initial fuel tank level, and refueling time of the LEV are less considered in the planning stage. In this article, we propose a bi-level planning model to locate and size Multi-Functional Charging Station (MFCS) which can recharge BEV, HFCV, and NGV at the same time in a medium-sized city with different functional areas (e.g., residential area, industrial area, CBD area). We also established a method for generating a daily route considering vehicle attributes and user habits, and we loaded these traveling data into the upper model to select a set of optimal combinations of refueling station locations with a relatively high success ratio. In the lower model, we introduced the mathematical relationship between number of chargers and average user waiting time, and set the total social cost factor, including investment cost and waiting time cost, to evaluate each optimal combination, and then identified the optimum locational result and defined the size of each station. In the case study, we verify the proposed model in several scenarios and conclude that multifunctional refueling station performs better in terms of investment cost and users&rsquo ; satisfaction level.

Islamic banking, firmly rooted in Sharīʿah principles, has emerged as a resilient alternative to conventional banking systems on a global scale. The adherence to Sharīʿah principles distinguishes Islamic banking from its conventional counterparts, shaping the ethos of its products and services. While various models of Sharīʿah supervision exist worldwide, Pakistan stands out with its adoption of a hybrid model blending centralized and decentralized approaches. This paper focuses on exploring the necessity and significance of a centralized Sharīʿah supervisory model through qualitative research methods. By delving into the unique features and challenges of centralized supervision, it provides valuable insights into strategies aimed at enhancing the efficacy of Central Sharīʿah Advisory Boards (CSABs). These strategies are pivotal in advancing the harmonization agenda within Islamic banking, reinforcing integrity, trust, and sustainability within the industry. Furthermore, the paper underscores the broader impact of CSABs on Islamic finance, emphasizing their role in promoting financial inclusion and socio-economic development not only in Muslim-majority countries but also beyond. By aligning banking practices with Sharīʿah principles and fostering transparency, CSABs contribute to a more equitable and resilient financial ecosystem, resonating with the core values of Islamic finance.

For many decades, the women of Pakistan are suffering from the issue of gender disparity and despite certain legislations to strengthen the women, the issue could not be resolved. The Global Gender Gap Index Report 2020 ranked Pakistan 3rd worst,151 out of 153 developing countries following by Yemen and Iraq. This situation thus, leads that there are some major flaws in the existing cultural system and in the education of religion due to which the issue has become a dilemma for both, the state and the society. In this context, this study aims to analyze the issue in the light of the Qur'an, the Sunnah (pbuh) and the sociocultural context of Pakistan. After a thorough investigation, this study found cultural rigidity, illiteracy, and lack of scientific understanding of the relevant provisions of the Qur'an and Sunnah (pbuh), major contributors in the development of gender disparity. This research, thus, recommends an overhauling of the system of education, and study of the Qur'an and Sunnah (pbuh) in the light of the changed sociological context which would lead to the reformation of the rigid culture and would improve the issue of gender disparity.