Suchergebnisse

National audience ; Since 2014, World War II archaeology occupies a leading place in French historical research, quite specially in Normandy where numerous war remains were brought to light on the occasion of recent archaeological surveys. The DRAC of Normandy also undertook the inventory of Atlantic Wall's remains. However, the excavation are still too rare, in spite of the patrimonial, historic and anthropological potential that offer these traces of the conflict. It is thus necessary today to lead a reflection about new questionings and interdisciplinary methods intending to develop the study of these research materials, still little familiar to the archaeologists, and to reveal their meaning with regard to the long history of human behavior. ; Depuis 2014 l'archéologie de la Seconde Guerre mondiale occupe une place de premier plan dans le paysage de la recherche historique française, tout spécialement en Normandie où de nombreux vestiges de guerre ont été mis au jour à l'occasion de récents diagnostics archéologiques. Dans le même temps, la DRAC Normandie a entrepris l'inventaire des vestiges du Mur de l'Atlantique. Toutefois, les prescriptions de fouille demeurent encore trop rares, en dépit du potentiel patrimonial, historique et anthropologique qu'offrent ces vestiges du conflit. C'est donc à l'élaboration de nouveaux questionnements et méthodes interdisciplinaires qu'il faut aujourd'hui réfléchir afin de développer l'étude de ces matériaux de recherche encore peu familiers aux archéologues, et d'en révéler la signification au regard de la longue histoire des comportements humains.

National audience ; Since 2014, World War II archaeology occupies a leading place in French historical research, quite specially in Normandy where numerous war remains were brought to light on the occasion of recent archaeological surveys. The DRAC of Normandy also undertook the inventory of Atlantic Wall's remains. However, the excavation are still too rare, in spite of the patrimonial, historic and anthropological potential that offer these traces of the conflict. It is thus necessary today to lead a reflection about new questionings and interdisciplinary methods intending to develop the study of these research materials, still little familiar to the archaeologists, and to reveal their meaning with regard to the long history of human behavior. ; Depuis 2014 l'archéologie de la Seconde Guerre mondiale occupe une place de premier plan dans le paysage de la recherche historique française, tout spécialement en Normandie où de nombreux vestiges de guerre ont été mis au jour à l'occasion de récents diagnostics archéologiques. Dans le même temps, la DRAC Normandie a entrepris l'inventaire des vestiges du Mur de l'Atlantique. Toutefois, les prescriptions de fouille demeurent encore trop rares, en dépit du potentiel patrimonial, historique et anthropologique qu'offrent ces vestiges du conflit. C'est donc à l'élaboration de nouveaux questionnements et méthodes interdisciplinaires qu'il faut aujourd'hui réfléchir afin de développer l'étude de ces matériaux de recherche encore peu familiers aux archéologues, et d'en révéler la signification au regard de la longue histoire des comportements humains.

National audience ; Since 2014, World War II archaeology occupies a leading place in French historical research, quite specially in Normandy where numerous war remains were brought to light on the occasion of recent archaeological surveys. The DRAC of Normandy also undertook the inventory of Atlantic Wall's remains. However, the excavation are still too rare, in spite of the patrimonial, historic and anthropological potential that offer these traces of the conflict. It is thus necessary today to lead a reflection about new questionings and interdisciplinary methods intending to develop the study of these research materials, still little familiar to the archaeologists, and to reveal their meaning with regard to the long history of human behavior. ; Depuis 2014 l'archéologie de la Seconde Guerre mondiale occupe une place de premier plan dans le paysage de la recherche historique française, tout spécialement en Normandie où de nombreux vestiges de guerre ont été mis au jour à l'occasion de récents diagnostics archéologiques. Dans le même temps, la DRAC Normandie a entrepris l'inventaire des vestiges du Mur de l'Atlantique. Toutefois, les prescriptions de fouille demeurent encore trop rares, en dépit du potentiel patrimonial, historique et anthropologique qu'offrent ces vestiges du conflit. C'est donc à l'élaboration de nouveaux questionnements et méthodes interdisciplinaires qu'il faut aujourd'hui réfléchir afin de développer l'étude de ces matériaux de recherche encore peu familiers aux archéologues, et d'en révéler la signification au regard de la longue histoire des comportements humains.

Uniparentally-inherited markers on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the non-recombining regions of the Y chromosome (NRY), have been used for the past 30 years to investigate the history of humans from a maternal and paternal perspective. Researchers have preferred mtDNA due to its abundance in the cells, and comparatively high substitution rate. Conversely, the NRY is less susceptible to back mutations and saturation, and is potentially more informative than mtDNA owing to its longer sequence length. However, due to comparatively poor NRY coverage via shotgun sequencing, and the relatively low and biased representation of Y-chromosome variants on capture assays such as the 1240 k, ancient DNA studies often fail to utilize the unique perspective that the NRY can yield. Here we introduce a new DNA enrichment assay, coined YMCA (Y-mappable capture assay), that targets the "mappable" regions of the NRY. We show that compared to low-coverage shotgun sequencing and 1240 k capture, YMCA significantly improves the mean coverage and number of sites covered on the NRY, increasing the number of Y-haplogroup informative SNPs, and allowing for the identification of previously undiscovered variants. To illustrate the power of YMCA, we show that the analysis of ancient Y-chromosome lineages can help to resolve Y-chromosomal haplogroups. As a case study, we focus on H2, a haplogroup associated with a critical event in European human history: the Neolithic transition. By disentangling the evolutionary history of this haplogroup, we further elucidate the two separate paths by which early farmers expanded from Anatolia and the Near East to western Europe. ; Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. This study was funded by the Max Planck Society, the French (ANR) and German (DFG) Research Foundations under the INTERACT project (ANR-17-FRAL-0010, DFG-HA-5407/4-1, 2018-2021) to M.R. and W.H., the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant agreement no. 771234-PALEoRIDER to W.H., the award Praemium Academiae of the Czech Academy of Sciences to M.E. and the project RVO 67985912 of the Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague to M.S. ; Peer reviewed