Suchergebnisse

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema erschöpfte Eltern und geht dabei den negativen Wirkungen von materiell angespannten Situationen auf Eltern und Familien nach sowie der positiven Wirkung von Elternschaft und Familie auf die Lebenszufriedenheit. Anhand von Daten des Sozioökonomischen Panels der Jahre 2002 bis 2008 wird die Lebenszufriedenheit von Erwachsenen in Abhängigkeit von der Verweildauer in verschiedenen Wohlstandspositionen und unter Berücksichtigung von Eltern- und Partnerschaft untersucht. Um die unterschiedlichen Effektgrößen der Wohlstandspositionen auf die Lebenszufriedenheit bildhaft zu machen und die Verweildauer zu berücksichtigen, haben die Autoren die Begriffe des materiellen und mentalen Burnouts und der materiellen und mentalen Erschöpfung gewählt. Der eigentliche Fokus des Beitrags liegt aber nicht allein auf der Beschreibung des Zusammenhanges von materieller und mentaler Erschöpfung, sondern im Besonderen darauf, wie sich dieser Zusammenhang in familiären Kontexten darstellt. (ICB2).

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema erschöpfte Eltern und geht dabei den negativen Wirkungen von materiell angespannten Situationen auf Eltern und Familien nach sowie der positiven Wirkung von Elternschaft und Familie auf die Lebenszufriedenheit. Anhand von Daten des Sozioökonomischen Panels der Jahre 2002 bis 2008 wird die Lebenszufriedenheit von Erwachsenen in Abhängigkeit von der Verweildauer in verschiedenen Wohlstandspositionen und unter Berücksichtigung von Eltern- und Partnerschaft untersucht. Um die unterschiedlichen Effektgrößen der Wohlstandspositionen auf die Lebenszufriedenheit bildhaft zu machen und die Verweildauer zu berücksichtigen, haben die Autoren die Begriffe des materiellen und mentalen Burnouts und der materiellen und mentalen Erschöpfung gewählt. Der eigentliche Fokus des Beitrags liegt aber nicht allein auf der Beschreibung des Zusammenhanges von materieller und mentaler Erschöpfung, sondern im Besonderen darauf, wie sich dieser Zusammenhang in familiären Kontexten darstellt. (ICB2)

After childbirth, women often interrupt their careers. These interruptions are associated with negative consequences for later employment, which are greatly influenced by the duration of the interruption. We analyse the influence of occupational characteristics on this duration, as occupations are crucially important for career trajectories in Germany. Specifically focusing on occupational sex segregation, the occupational wage level and the share of part-time workers in occupations, we test two competing hypotheses: on the one hand, lower wages in female-dominated occupations should lead to longer employment interruptions due to lower opportunity costs. On the other hand, a higher ratio of part-time workers should lead to shorter interruptions due to better reconciliation between family and work. In addition, we analyse whether the proportion of women in a given occupation influences the duration of employment interruptions. We test these hypotheses using data from the National Educational Panel Study (starting cohort 6), combined with occupational information from the Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies and the German Microcensus. We focus on family-related employment interruptions after the birth of the first child between 1992 and 2010. The results of our discrete event history models indicate that higher wages lead to shorter breaks, while the part-time rate and the proportion of women in an occupation have no significant effects.

This paper analyzes the reciprocal relationship between occupational gender segregation and occupational part-time work in West Germany over time. Based on a unique occupational panel dataset covering 254 occupations between 1976 and 2010, we apply static, dynamic, and Arellano-Bond panel models to account for reverse causality and endogeneity. Results indicate that trends in occupational part-time rates and gender ratios mutually reinforce each other but not in the same manner. Part-time work in occupations increases once more women start working in these occupations. Occupational part-time ratios are mainly driven by married women and mothers; women's education level only plays a minor role. Vice versa, the gender composition of occupations is likewise affected by changing working-time arrangements, at least in the short run, but it is mainly driven by previous levels of occupational gender segregation.

PurposeThe purpose of this editorial is to examine sociological research on the possibilities and pitfalls of social policies for mothers' employment participation, and identify research gaps in the existing literature. The paper aims to focus mainly on the implications of parental leave schemes on mothers' employment participation.Design/methodology/approachThe editorial discusses the inconsistencies in the current sociological debate on the impact of social policies on mothers' employment.FindingsThe relationship between parental leave policies and women's participation in the work force is complex. The literature shows a disagreement about whether such policies mitigate family‐related career disadvantages, or in fact, contribute to gender inequality in the labour market. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the interplay between social policies and mothers' labour market participation, and national and cross‐national variation in the consequences of childbirth on women's labour market participation the editorial points at the several aspects that need to be investigated in greater depth by further research. The editorial emphasizes the necessity of conducting in‐depth international comparisons in order to account for between‐country variations as well as within‐country variations. Furthermore, the symbolic nature of family policy must not be neglected.Originality/valueThe editorial identifies research gaps to be addressed by further research.

In Germany, the structuring principle connecting the educational system and the labour market is occupations. In theory, this occupational principle is gender-neutral, because both women and men are channelled into jobs according to the occupations for which they are trained. In practice, however, it means that patterns of occupational sex segregation in the education system are reproduced in the labour market. As a consequence, occupational sex segregation has important consequences for the subsequent employment biographies and life courses of women and men. In this chapter, we study the relevance of occupational sex segregation for the (re-)production of gender inequalities in the German labour market. More specifically, we examine long-term trends in occupational sex segregation, how occupational sex segregation is causally linked to other occupational characteristics, how these occupational characteristics translate into gender inequalities regarding non-monetary labour market outcomes, and how these occupational characteristics affect the gender wage gap.