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Frederic Lee's laudable attempt to expand heterodox economists' academic rights is vitiated by his narrow conception of pluralism as tolerance. The author proposes an alternative view of academic pluralism that is more consistent with the epistemological assumptions and ethical requirements of academic freedom, and more conducive to the flourishing of heterodox economics—and economics at large—as a scholarly community. JEL classification: A20, B40, B50

Karl Marx's labor theory of value presented in Das Kapital ([Capital] 1867) is argued to contain both modern & postmodern elements. Contrary to Louis Althusser's (1977) claim that the later Marx is wholly postmodern, it is argued that Das Kapital is best understood as a heterogeneous mix of essentialist, antiessentialist, humanist, & antihumanist thought. Many of Marx's statements on labor & value have been interpreted as universalistic claims about human nature. Although this interpretation is supported by the text, Marx also presents the thought that value is wholly particular to the social milieu in which humans produce it. This postmodern strain of thought is argued to be strongest in the section of Das Kapital on the fetishism of the commodity. It is suggested that a generous reading strategy that finds what is modern & what is postmodern in a given writer will produce surprising readings of other classical economists such as John M. Keynes & Frederick Hayek. 59 References. H. von Rautenfeld

Marxist & leftist attempts to replace the competitive market value theory developed by Leon Walras are surveyed, & it is argued that these attempts have ultimately strengthened the concept of Walrasian value theory because they have been based on the modernist terrain of economic science. Critiquing the modernist notion of economic science from a postmodernist perspective may prove a more successful strategy for the displacement of Walrasian value theory. It is concluded that a heterodox critique of Walrasian economics including feminist, post-Keynesian, Austrian, institutionalist, ecological, & Marxist economists may be a more effective alternative than a single alternative paradigmatic value theory. 75 References. J. Ferrari

Since the end of the Cold War, the human face of economics has gained renewed visibility and generated new conversations among economists and other social theorists. The monistic, mechanical ""economic systems"" that characterized the capitalism vs. socialism debates of the mid-twentieth century have given way to pluralistic ecologies of economic provisioning in which complexly constituted agents cooperate via heterogeneous forms of production and exchange. Through the lenses of multiple disciplines, this book examines how this pluralistic turn in economic thinking bears upon the venerable soc