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In the Spanish-speaking Caribbean, black mobilization has been highly repressed and challenged by national myths of racial harmony. This paper focuses on the development and legacies of these national myths in Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. All myths of nation consist of rhetoric that favors European enlightenment ideals and rejects false narratives of homogeneous African conditions. The dichotomy of European and African comes from a broader international discourse of liberalism during the 19th and 20th centuries. The promotion of Eurocentric policy on all three islands contributed to eugenics laws and pedagogy around positivism. The results of this policy lead to continued racial inequalities on all three islands. This myth of the nation provides an alternative identifier for people rather than other personal classifications of race and class. The last part of this paper focuses on understanding the continued racial oppression Afro-Latins face on the islands and how individuals have advocated against the myth of racial harmony. The lived experiences of individuals on the islands, and the continued fight against glossed over racial disparities complicates grand narratives in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean.

Lleo, Lourdes/0000-0002-6820-5024; Lleo, Lourdes/0000-0002-6820-5024; ruiz-altisent, margarita/0000-0002-6350-0315; Belen, Diezma/0000-0001-6882-2842 ; WOS: 000367572300014 ; The objectives of this research were to compare the performance of each individual nondestructive sensor with the destructive sensor, and to apply sensor fusion technique to explore whether a combination of sensors would give better results than a single sensor for classification of peach firmness. Tests were carried out with four peach varieties namely Royal Glory, Caterina, Tirrenia and Suidring. In this research, the three nondestructive firmness sensors acoustic firmness, low-mass impact and micro-deformation impact were used to measure firmness. A Bayesian classifier was chosen to provide a classification into three categories, namely soft, intermediate and hard. High level fusion technique was performed by using identity declaration provided by each sensor. The data fusion system processed the information of the sensors to output the fused data. The result of the high level fusion was compared with the classification provided by an unsupervised algorithm based on destructive reference measurement. The fusion process of the nondestructive sensors provided some improvements in the firmness classification; the error rate varied from 25% to 19% for individual sensor. Furthermore, the results of fusion process by using three sensors decreased the error rate from 19% to 13%. This research demonstrated that the fused systems provided more complete and complementary information and, thus, were more effective than individual sensors in the firmness classification of peaches. ; head of department of Madrid Polytechnic University Physical Properties Laboratory (Technical University of Madrid LPF-TAGRALIA); Council of Higher Education of Turkish GovernmentMinistry of National Education - Turkey ; We express our appreciation to the head of department of Madrid Polytechnic University Physical Properties Laboratory (Technical University of Madrid ...

Salmonellosis is one of the main foodborne diseases worldwide. Breeding sows asymptomatically infected with Salmonella can transmit the pathogen to piglets and humans. The isolation of Salmonella from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) is considered a demonstration of asymptomatic infection in swine. As previous breeding sow studies have been performed using feces, the aim of this work was to study the occurrence of Salmonella infections by sampling MLNs, in comparison to their serological status. First, Salmonella fecal shedding was studied in 12/16 large breeding farms to establish the framework of study. Then, MLN (n = 264) and blood (n = 237) samples were obtained at an abattoir from sows of 15 of these 16 breeding farms. Additionally, risk factors associated with Salmonella MLN infection were analyzed. A total of 6.1% (16/264) sows, distributed in 40% (6/15) of the farms, had the pathogen in MLN. Salmonella Typhimurium was the most frequent serovar isolated. Interestingly, 43.8% (7/16) of MLN isolates were susceptible to all the antimicrobials tested and were found distributed throughout all farms with at least one sow positive. As well, one isolate of the emerging DT195 clone was detected and found to be resistant to six antibiotic families (ASSuTNx-Cfx). The serovars and the resistance profiles of the Salmonella isolates from feces were completely different to those obtained from MLNs. The seroprevalence (41.8% of sows and 100% of farms) was higher than that of MLN infections, showing no concordance (k = 0.15) between these two diagnostic tests in sows. Strategies directed to correct two risk factors (i.e., administration of dry food and old premises) would most likely help to reduce Salmonella infections in breeding sows. ; The work was financed by Departamento de Industria, Energía e Innovación of the Navarra Government [reference IIQ14064.RI1] and Instituto Navarro de Tecnología e Infraestructuras Agroalimentarias S.A. -INTIA- [reference CAM2011030054]. VG, SS, BSR and LMG contracts were funded by UPNA postdoctoral fellowship, Erasmus Mundus EMUNDUS18 Program, CSIC JAE-Doc Program, and INIA-European Social Fund, respectively. We are grateful to farmers, veterinaries and slaughterhouse workers as well as to the temporal students Naroa Remondegui, June Landa (JAE-Intro CSIC-FEDER fellowship), Ruth Erro and Mirian Samblas.

Disease transmission among wild boars, domestic animals and humans is a public health concern, especially in areas with high wild boar densities. In this study, fecal samples of wild boars (n = 200) from different locations of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona were analyzed by PCR to explore the frequency of β-lactamases and extended cephalosporin and carbapenem resistance genes (ESBLs) in Escherichia coli strains and the presence of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile. The prevalence of genes conferring resistance to β-lactam antimicrobials was 8.0% (16/200): blaCMY-2 (3.0%), blaTEM-1b (2.5%), blaCTX-M-14 (1.0%), blaSHV-28 (1.0%), blaCTX-M-15 (0.5%) and blaCMY-1 (0.5%). Clostridioides difficile TcdA+ was detected in two wild boars (1.0%), which is the first report of this pathogen in wild boars in Spain. Moreover, the wild boars foraging in urban and peri-urban locations were more exposed to AMRB sources than the wild boars dwelling in natural environments. In conclusion, the detection of E. coli carrying ESBL/AmpC genes and toxigenic C. difficile in wild boars foraging in urban areas reinforces the value of this game species as a sentinel of environmental AMRB sources. In addition, these wild boars can be a public and environmental health concern by disseminating AMRB and other zoonotic agents. Although this study provides the first hints of the potential anthropogenic sources of AMR, further efforts should be conducted to identify and control them. ; Marina Cerdá was a student of the master0 s degree in Zoonosis and One Health (UAB). Anna Vidal was supported by Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (PIF-UAB 2015). Laia Aguirre was supported by a collaboration scholarship from the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte from the Spanish government (2017–2018). This research was funded by the contracts 13/051, 15/0174 and 16/0243 between the Barcelona City Council and the Wildlife Health Service (SEFaS-UAB). Marta Valldeperes and Raquel Castillo-Contreras benefitted from a PhD grant each (2018FI_B_00978 and 2016FI_B 00425, respectively), financed by the Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya and the European Social Fund. Gregorio Mentaberre is a Serra Húnter Fellow.

Ajuts: Marina Cerdá was a student of the master's degree in Zoonosis and One Health (UAB). Anna Vidal was supported by Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (PIF-UAB 2015). Laia Aguirre was supported by a collaboration scholarship from the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte from the Spanish government (2017-2018). This research was funded by the contracts 13/051, 15/0174 and 16/0243 between the Barcelona City Council and the Wildlife Health Service (SEFaS-UAB). Marta Valldeperes and Raquel Castillo-Contreras benefitted from a PhD grant each (2018FI_B_00978 and 2016FI_B 00425, respectively), financed by the Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya and the European Social Fund. Gregorio Mentaberre is a Serra Húnter Fellow. ; Disease transmission among wild boars, domestic animals and humans is a public health concern, especially in areas with high wild boar densities. In this study, fecal samples of wild boars (n = 200) from different locations of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona were analyzed by PCR to explore the frequency of β-lactamases and extended cephalosporin and carbapenem resistance genes (ESBLs) in Escherichia coli strains and the presence of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile. The prevalence of genes conferring resistance to β-lactam antimicrobials was 8.0% (16/200): blaCMY-2 (3.0%), blaTEM-1b (2.5%), blaCTX-M-14 (1.0%), blaSHV-28 (1.0%), blaCTX-M-15 (0.5%) and blaCMY-1 (0.5%). Clostridioides difficile TcdA+ was detected in two wild boars (1.0%), which is the first report of this pathogen in wild boars in Spain. Moreover, the wild boars foraging in urban and peri-urban locations were more exposed to AMRB sources than the wild boars dwelling in natural environments. In conclusion, the detection of E. coli carrying ESBL/AmpC genes and toxigenic C. difficile in wild boars foraging in urban areas reinforces the value of this game species as a sentinel of environmental AMRB sources. In addition, these wild boars can be a public and ...