Suchergebnisse

We characterized a microsatellite-based panel for parentage analysis in Hippocampus guttulatus using families obtained under captive conditions. Offspring obtained by natural breeding from 49 founder breeders in different aquaria were genotyped for six selected loci. A theoretical exclusion power for parentage inference close to one was obtained from the broodstock, which enabled us to trace back all offspring to a single parental pair with high confidence, under the simple mating scenario managed. The family analysis revealed a very low percentage of false exclusions due to genotyping errors or null alleles (0.9%) and conformance to Mendelian segregation for all loci. Their potential for parentage analysis was confirmed in a more complex scenario, using all breeders as parental candidates, with over 95% of offspring being assigned to the same single pair. Parentage data revealed a monogamous mating system for H. guttulatus in captivity. These loci constitute a useful panel for genealogical traceability and also for investigating relatedness among founders to assist with captive breeding for H. guttulatus ; This work was supported by the Spanish Government (CGL2005-05927-C03-01/-03; CGL2009-08386) and the Regional Government of Galicia (09MDS022402PR) ; SI

The analysis of an enriched partial genomic library and of public expressed sequence tag (EST) resources allowed the characterization of the first microsatellite loci in the protozoan parasite Perkinsus olseni. Clonal cultures from laboratory isolates derived from infected clams Ruditapes decussatus (from Spain), R. philippinarum (from Spain and Japan), and Austrovenus stutchburyi (from New Zealand) were used for the characterization of 12 microsatellites. Low variation was detected at most loci, with the number of alleles at polymorphic loci ranging from 2 to 7 (average 3.20 ± 0.51) and gene diversity from 0.11 to 0.79 (average 0.40 ± 0.07). Preliminary results show that (1) isolates of P. olseni are diploid cells, and (2) multiple infections can occur within a single host. Eight of the loci analyzed successfully cross-amplified in the congeneric species P. mediterraneus. These microsatellite markers will be useful to analyze in detail the population genetic structure of P. olseni, crucial for the efficient management of this parasitic disease ; This study was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of the Spanish government, under the project AGL2006-11809. B.G.P. and R.V. were supported by an Isidro Parga Pondal research fellowship from Xunta de Galicia (Spain); E.A. was supported by a Ramón y Cajal contract of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of the Spanish Government ; SI

The turbot is a flatfish (Pleuronectiformes) with increasing commercial value, which has prompted active genomic research aimed at more efficient selection. Here we present the sequence and annotation of the turbot genome, which represents a milestone for both boosting breeding programmes and ascertaining the origin and diversification of flatfish. We compare the turbot genome with model fish genomes to investigate teleost chromosome evolution. We observe a conserved macrosyntenic pattern within Percomorpha and identify large syntenic blocks within the turbot genome related to the teleost genome duplication. We identify gene family expansions and positive selection of genes associated with vision and metabolism of membrane lipids, which suggests adaptation to demersal lifestyle and to cold temperatures, respectively. Our data indicate a quick evolution and diversification of flatfish to adapt to benthic life and provide clues for understanding their controversial origin. Moreover, we investigate the genomic architecture of growth, sex determination and disease resistance, key traits for understanding local adaptation and boosting turbot production, by mapping candidate genes and previously reported quantitative trait loci. The genomic architecture of these productive traits has allowed the identification of candidate genes and enriched pathways that may represent useful information for future marker-assisted selection in turbot ; This work was funded by the Spanish Government: projects Consolider Ingenio: Aquagenomics (CSD2007-00002) and Metagenoma de la Península Ibérica (CSD2007-00005), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and European Regional Development Funds (AGL2012-35904), and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (AGL2014-51773 and AGL2014-57065-R); and Local Government Xunta de Galicia (GRC2014/010). P.P. and D.R. gratefully acknowledge the Spanish Ministerio de Educación for their FPU fellowships (AP2010-2408, AP2012-0254) ; SI