Suchergebnisse

This work analyzes the interactions and international connections of the ""civil rights"" and ""pro-order"" coalitions of state and societal actors in the two countries. The author demonstrates that in democratizing contexts, protecting citizens from police abuse and becomes part of a debate about how to deal with issues of public safety and social control and of perceived trade-offs between liberty and security.

RESUMEN Este artículo estudia la oferta programática sobre el tema indígena, analizando las plataformas programáticas de candidaturas presidenciales para el período 1989-2017 en caso de Chile. Nos preguntamos si existen diferencias entre coaliciones y si se observan cambios a través del tiempo. Utilizando el Manifesto Research on Political Representation como punto de partida teórica, en este artículo se señala que por las características de la temática indígena, no es conveniente restringirse a la dicotomía "asimilación/multiculturalismo" ofrecida por esa estrategia de análisis. Se presenta aquí un marco conceptual y metodológico que considera más comprehensivamente las posturas programáticas de los partidos para distinguir posturas asimilacionistas, multiculturalistas y plurinacionales. Estudiando empíricamente el caso de Chile, se realiza una contribución teórica y metodológica al mostrar la existencia de posiciones políticas más complejas de las esperadas y que además evolucionan en el tiempo.

AbstractThis article outlines the factors that explain changes in the rules of the game in Chile after the restoration of democracy in 1990. It looks particularly at the reasons why the right-wing parties—strong defenders of the constitution imposed by General Augusto Pinochet in 1980—accepted reforms that eliminated many of what the literature has termed authoritarian enclaves. The article explains this shift by observing significant changes in the political context that, in turn, affected the priorities of veto players. In this context, short-term strategic calculations by the right-wing parties, aiming to achieve a new balance of power less detrimental to their interests, opened a window of opportunity that led to congressional approval of important reforms. Particular institutional features of the Chilean political system—party discipline and a balance of power in favor of the executive—also helped the political actors to reach agreement.

RESUMEN: El artículo examina una aparente paradoja: desde la transición a la democracia se produjo una alta y dinámica internacionalización de Chile expresada en cambios en términos políticos, sociales y económicos, proceso que no ha tenido una esperada transformación burocrática- institucional en el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Los intentos de reforma han fracasado y el statu quo ha prevalecido. Mientras alguna literatura institucionalista explicaría esta situación debido a resistencias «burocráticas» internas al cambio, en este trabajo se desarrollan dos argumentaciones centrales: factores inhibidores del contexto político (timing electoral e incentivos políticos) y de tipo organizacional (divisiones burocráticas internas y eficientes respuestas de agencias de gobierno a las demandas de la internacionalización). La investigación intenta aportar a la literatura al definir condiciones inhibidoras de una transformación institucional. El caso muestra una adaptación institucional sin modernización.ABSTRACT: This article examines an apparent paradox: even though, since the transition to democracy in Chile, the country has experienced a significant political, economic, and social internationalization, this transformation has not been followed by an expected adaptation of State bureaucratic institutions toward such challenges. In particular, several attempts to reform the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Chile have failed and the statu quo has prevailed. While some authors may explain this outcome due to bureaucratic resistance, this work suggests two intertwined set of explanations: inhibitor factors of the political context (electoral timing and political incentives) and organizational elements (divisions within the professional services and efficient parallel responses of the State to international challenges). This article attempts to make a contribution to the literature, suggesting specific inhibitor conditions for institutional transformation. The case exemplifies an institutional adaptation without modernization.

This article suggests that the lack of advancement in both the actual protection of citizens' rights and institutional democratic reforms of the security sector in Latin America is due to a complex and intertwined set of political conditions. Three sets of conditions are key: (1) the political context (institutional and political constraints and opportunities); (2) social perceptions and demands on security; and (3) the institutional development of security forces. While policymakers and academics have focused mostly on security institutions themselves, this article argues that they need to be situated within a broader set of incentives and constraints within the political system. The challenge for civil society groups is how to advance a pro-civil rights agenda under such an unwelcoming s

[ES] El artículo examina una aparente paradoja: desde la transición a la democracia se produjo una alta y dinámica internacionalización de Chile expresada en cambios en términos políticos, sociales y económicos, proceso que no ha tenido una esperada transformación burocrática- institucional en el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Los intentos de reforma han fracasado y el statu quo ha prevalecido. Mientras alguna literatura institucionalista explicaría esta situación debido a resistencias «burocráticas» internas al cambio, en este trabajo se desarrollan dos argumentaciones centrales: factores inhibidores del contexto político (timing electoral e incentivos políticos) y de tipo organizacional (divisiones burocráticas internas y eficientes respuestas de agencias de gobierno a las demandas de la internacionalización). La investigación intenta aportar a la literatura al definir condiciones inhibidoras de una transformación institucional. El caso muestra una adaptación institucional sin modernización. ; [EN] This article examines an apparent paradox: even though, since the transition to democracy in Chile, the country has experienced a significant political, economic, and social internationalization, this transformation has not been followed by an expected adaptation of State bureaucratic institutions toward such challenges. In particular, several attempts to reform the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Chile have failed and the statu quo has prevailed. While some authors may explain this outcome due to bureaucratic resistance, this work suggests two intertwined set of explanations: inhibitor factors of the political context (electoral timing and political incentives) and organizational elements (divisions within the professional services and efficient parallel responses of the State to international challenges). This article attempts to make a contribution to the literature, suggesting specific inhibitor conditions for institutional transformation. The case exemplifies an institutional adaptation without modernization.