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Objective. We examine volunteering to support the relief effort after the bombing of the Murrah Federal Building. We address two issues: (1) how widespread was volunteering & what forms did it take, & (2) does Wilson & Musick's (1997a) "integrated theory of volunteer work" help to explain variation in volunteering in this disaster situation? Methods. We use data from the 1996 Oklahoma City Survey (OKC Survey). The 1996 OKC Survey is based on a random sample of the adult population of Oklahoma City & was administered 10 months after the bombing. Results. Nearly 75% of the sample respondents volunteered to support the relief effort in at least one way; giving money & donating nonprofessional goods or services were the two most prevalent volunteer activities. Socioeconomic status, knowing someone killed or injured in the bombing, belonging to voluntary organizations before the bombing, & being affiliated with a religious denomination were predictors of volunteering, depending on the type of volunteer activity considered. Conclusions. The magnitude of volunteering after the Murrah Building bombing was in line with volunteer efforts after other disasters. The integrated theory of volunteer work is a useful framework for studying volunteering after disasters. 1 Table, 39 References. Adapted from the source document.

Der Einsatz von Serviceplattformen im industriellen Kontext verspricht Unterstützung und Optimierung im Produktionsalltag durch leistungsfähige cloudbasierte Anwendungen. Die Vielzahl der Plattformlösungen führt zu einer heterogenen, intransparenten Marktfülle und resultiert in einer komplexen Entscheidungsfindung für die Anwender. Dieser Beitrag zeigt relevante Unterscheidungskriterien auf und bietet zugleich eine Hilfestellung zur anwendungsfallorientierten Plattformauswahl.
 
Service platforms in an industrial context promise to support and improve everyday production through powerful cloud-based applications. The multitude of platform solutions, however, makes the market heterogeneous and intransparent, resulting in a complex decision-making process for users. This article points out relevant differentiation criteria while offering support for a platform selection to suit many different use cases.

Industrie 4.0-Technologie verspricht Unterstützung bei der Erfüllung komplexer Produktionsaufgaben. Bisher verhindern jedoch historisch gewachsene, industrielle Kommunikationsnetze durch die oft wenig semantische, strikte Kommunikation entlang der bestehenden Ebenen der Automatisierungspyramide eine effiziente Umsetzung der Prinzipien von "Smart Factories". Diese Veröffentlichung thematisiert die Entwicklung semantischer Kommunikationsschnittstellen am Beispiel des Karosseriebaus der Audi AG.
 
Industry 4.0 technology promises to support the fulfillment of complex production tasks. Even today, historically grown industrial communication networks prevent an efficient implementation of smart factory principles, especially due to a lack of semantics and the strict communication along the existing layers of the automation pyramid. This publication focuses on the development of semantic communication interfaces using the example of the digitalization of the vehicle body construction at the Audi AG.