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Land Degradation Neutrality: Handlungsempfehlungen zur Implementierung des SDG-Ziels 15.3 und Entwicklung eines bodenbezogenen Indikators
In: Texte 2018, 15
In: Umweltforschungsplan des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Bau und Reaktorsicherheit
Dieser Projektbericht setzt sich mit der Umsetzung des durch die UN Nachhaltigkeitsziele 2015 eingeführten Zieles der "Land Degradation Neutrality" (LDN) auseinander (SDG 15.3). Hierzu werden die Kernideen, Definitionen und Umsetzungsansätze des LDN Konzeptes auf der internationalen Ebene vorgestellt sowie eine siebenstufige Vorgehensweise zur Umsetzung des LDN Zieles auf nationaler Ebene entwickelt. Dazu wurde untersucht, welche Bodengefahren und Bodenfunktionen in Deutschland eine herausragende Rolle spielen, welche Indikatoren zur Erfassung von LDN geeignet sind und welche bodenrelevanten Monitoringsysteme bereits existieren. Zur Erfassung von Landdegradationsneutralität in Deutschland wurde ein Konzept für einen Indikator entwickelt, der Landnutzungen aufbauend auf dem Hemerobiekonzept (als Maß der Naturnähe) und unter Berücksichtigung von Bodengefährdungen ökologische Bodenwertigkeiten zuordnet. Über Landnutzungsänderungen können darüber Rückschlüsse auf Veränderungen der Bodenqualität gezogen und daraus abgeleitet werden, ob und inwieweit, Deutschland das Ziel der Landdegradationsneutralität erreicht hat. Ein solcher Indikator kann auch als potenzieller Indikator für die Deutsche Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie (DNS) von Interesse sein, da aus ihm auch Informationen zur Änderung der Bodenqualität abgeleitet werden können, aber auch ob und inwieweit Deutschland das Ziel der Landdegradationsneutralität erreicht hat. Neben dem hier vorliegenden deutschen Bericht existiert auch eine englische Version, die sich stärker mit der europäischen Diskussion zur Anwendung und Umsetzung des LDN Konzeptes auseinandersetzt. Die Projektergebnisse basieren auf einer Literaturanalyse sowie auf über 50 durchgeführten Experteninterviews und zwei nationalen und einem internationalen Expertenworkshop.
Implementing SDG target 15.3 on "Land Degradation Neutrality": development of an indicator based on land use changes and soil values
In: Texte 2018, 16
In: Environmental Research of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety
In September 2015, the UN General Assembly adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including target 15.3 which contains the objective to strive towards Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) by 2030. This has opened a "window of opportunity" for many countries to strengthen policies for sustainable use of land and soils and can be seen as a chance to revive EU land and soil policies, which have seen little momentum after the withdrawal of the Soil Framework Directive proposal in 2014. This report serves as a contribution to inform and prepare the implementation of LDN in the EU. It was developed as part of the research project "Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals on Soils", carried out by Ecologic Institute on behalf of the German Environment Agency. Parts of this report have also been used in a background paper for a workshop with representatives from EU Member States held on December 6, 2016 at the European Commission in Brussels in order to exchange on approaches of implementing LDN in the EU. More specifically, the report (i) gives an overview of the definitions and concepts behind LDN, (ii) provides a suggestion of necessary steps and guiding questions towards the implementation of LDN at the national level, (iii) gives an overview of land and soil degradation in Europe, existing monitoring schemes and policy processes that are relevant for the implementation of LDN in Europe, (iv) summarizes the ongoing process of conceptualizing and implementing LDN in Germany and, finally, the report (v) introduces an approach for a new indicator which uses land use categories as a possible proxy indicator for LDN in Germany. Each category is assigned with a certain soil value that considers the exposure to soil threats, building on and further extending the hemeroby (naturalness) concept. With regards to (iv) and (v), a report in German ("Land Degradation Neutrality - Handlungsempfehlungen zur Implementierung des SDG-Ziels 15.3 und Entwicklung eines bodenbezogenen Indikators") has been developed within the same project. It provides more detail on the German implementation process and the concept of the developed indicator. These two reports are complementary.
Sustainable soil management - Farmers' perspectives on subsoil compaction and the opportunities and barriers for intervention
In: Land use policy: the international journal covering all aspects of land use, Band 86, S. 427-437
ISSN: 0264-8377
Funding climate-friendly soil management: appropriate policy instruments and limits of market-based approaches : final report
In: Climate change 2025, 1
In: AA-Forschungsplan of the Federal Foreign Office
This report assesses how results-based and action-based funding approaches should be used to promote climate-friendly soil management in Europe to deliver climate mitigation and support the agriculture sector's transition to a net-zero future. We identify considerable potential but also significant challenges of promoting climate-friendly soil management measures with these funding approaches. Both approaches have strengths and weaknesses. Given the interest in offsetting and other crediting approaches, we investigate ten existing carbon crediting mechanisms related to climate-friendly soil management in depth, identifying many shortcomings. Based on our evaluations, we discuss the appropriateness of the two funding approaches to promote different types of climate-friendly soil management measures. We conclude that action-based funding approaches are appropriate for many climate-friendly soil management measures, where non-permanence risks are widespread and must be considered. Result-based (non-offset) funding approaches such as contribution claims and public result-based finance are mostly appropriate for some climate-friendly soil management measures. Offsetting approaches are not an appropriate instrument for funding climate-friendly soil management measures due to environmental integrity concerns (i.e. they will lead to higher aggregate emissions than without using offsetting) arising from non-permanence, additionality, and quantification uncertainty.
Analysis of ten selected crediting methodologies for climate-friendly soil management: annex to the final report "Funding climate-friendly soil management: Appropriate policy instruments and limits of market-based approaches" : final report
In: Climate change 2025, 2
In: Ressortforschungsplan of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection
This report is an Annex to the report "Funding climate-friendly soil management: Appropriate policy instruments and limits of market-based approaches" which constitutes the final report of the research project "Nature-based solutions for climate protection: market-based instruments to support climate-friendly soil management" (FKZ 3721 42 502 0). It presents the detailed assessment of ten crediting methodologies on climate-friendly soil management measures which the final report builds upon. The rules and methodologies of ten selected crediting methodologies are assessed against a set of guiding questions/indicators. These guiding questions relate to key challenges that need to be taken into account in the design of funding instruments for climate-friendly soil management in order to deliver robust mitigation results that also deliver social and environmental benefits. The guiding questions build upon the methodology for assessing the quality of carbon credits developed under the Carbon Credit Quality Initiative (CCQI) and comprise 1) questions related to general characteristics of the crediting programme, 2) questions related to approaches for quantifying emission reductions or removals, 3) questions related to approaches for assessing additionality, 4) questions related to approaches for addressing non-permanence, 5) questions related to approaches for avoiding double-counting, 6) environmental and social impacts and 7) governance questions. A synthesis of the analysis is included in the final report of the project.
Funding climate-friendly soil management: risks and key issues: key issues to be considered in the design of funding instruments : interim report
In: Climate change 2023, 19
In: Ressortforschungsplan of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection
This report summarises key aspects that should be accounted for in the design of policy instruments to support the implementation of climate-friendly soil management measures. It outlines overarching aspects that need to be considered for any type of policy instruments, including land use competition, impacts on soil health, biodiversity impacts, ownership and rights to use of soils and social impacts. Furthermore, aspects that are relevant for all types of results-based funding schemes are elaborated upon, including additionality, determining the SOC content of soils, determining baselines avoiding carbon leakage, addressing non-permanence, jurisdictional vs. project-based approaches and ex-ante vs. ex-post crediting. Particular risks exist for transfer-based mechanisms which are a subset of result-based payment approaches. These challenges must be considered and addressed for policy instruments to deliver robust mitigation through soil carbon.
Nature-based solutions and global climate protection: assessment of their global mitigation potential and recommendations for international climate policy : policy paper
In: Climate change 2022, 01
In: Ressortforschungsplan of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection
Nature-based Solutions (NbS) build synergies between biodiversity conservation and societal challenges such as climate change. This paper derives a working definition of NbS based on an evaluation of existing definitions, in particular the IUCN (2016) definition. It comprises the key elements of the existing definitions that we believe to be important to inform the scope of this study. It critically assesses the global mitigation potential of NbS in relevant studies for forests, croplands, grasslands, terrestrial and coastal wetlands as well as settlements. Recommendations for international climate policy are derived. The study finds that it is likely that NbS potentials provided by scientific literature overestimate the realistic potential of NbS for climate change mitigation. This is due to a lack of integrated studies, overly optimistic assumptions on land availability as well as the quality of available information. Furthermore, the influence of measures on GHG fluxes, uncertainties related to carbon fluxes and quantification methodologies as well as climate impacts are not taken into account. The majority of studies evaluating the mitigation potential of NbS focus on the technical mitigation potential. General ecological constraints such as existing threats to ecosystems, and biodiversity impacts, land use conflicts and other social, cultural and political barriers as well as the risk of non-permanence further limit mitigation potentials. The success of NbS to mitigate climate change and deliver ecological and social co-benefits will very much depend on eliminating direct and indirect pressures on ecosystems caused by current patterns of production and consumption. Nevertheless, the uncertainties related to the quantification of mitigation effects of NbS should not be used as an argument against their implementation. Neither should they be used as an excuse to delay ambitious mitigation action to reduce emissions. In the UNFCCC negotiation process, information on NbS in biennial transparency reports may serve as a basis for technical discussion to improve methodologies and indicators to assess how NbS contribute to achieving NDCs and to make further financial support available. In implementing activities under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, the specific risks related to NbS must be taken into account. In the development of processes or support schemes to foster NbS, social and environmental safeguards need to be put in place. Coherence with work under other international policy frameworks such as the other Rio Conventions is required to foster synergies.
Assessment of the in-depth analysis accompanying the strategic long-term vision "A clean planet for all" of the European Commission: full report
In: Climate change 2019, 35
In: Ressortforschungsplan of the Federal Ministry for the Enviroment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
In 2018, the European Commission presented its long-term Strategic Vision "A clean planet for all", which calls for net-zero greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of the European Union by 2050. The Strategic Vision is accompanied by the In-depth Analysis containing a detailed impact assessment based on a scenario analysis. This paper presents the findings of an assessment of the In-depth Analysis, in particular its suitability as the analytical input for the Strategic Vision. In summary, the In-depth Analysis covers the key aspects for building an adequate long-term climate strategy and is thus a strong foundation for the Strategic Vision, in spite of certain limitations. The presented pathways to net-zero emissions cover all the relevant sectors and GHGs and are in accordance with other studies. However, they are not fully assessable, because important input and output data are not provided for all scenarios. Moreover, it is unclear why none of the scenarios maximises the use of renewable energies. The variety of models used provides evidence for the economic feasibility of such a transition. In this regard, the restricted set of scenarios used for the macro-economic assessment is a shortcoming. In the scenarios with net-zero GHG emissions in 2050, all sectors have to pursue very ambitious emission reductions early on. Nonetheless, some remaining GHG emissions have to be compensated by a combination of natural and artificial carbon sinks. Detailed considerations of the economic and social implications of the mitigation scenarios show moderate impacts on GDP and labor in comparison to other societal drivers, but also indicate the need for a strong shift from consumption to investment in mitigation technologies and infrastructure. International cooperation is seen as essential to foster the transformation to net-zero GHG emissions.