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11 páginas, 5 figuras y 3 tablas. ; Studies reporting domestication efects on plant defences have focused on constitutive, but not on induced defences. However, theory predicts a trade-of between constitutive (CD) and induced defences (ID), which intrinsically links both defensive strategies and argues for their joint consideration in plant domestications studies. We measured constitutive and induced glucosinolates in wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea ssp. oleracea) and two domesticated varieties (B. oleracea var. acephala and B. oleracea var. capitata) in which the leaves have been selected to grow larger. We also estimated leaf area (proxy of leaf size) to assess size-defence trade-ofs and whether domestication efects on defences are indirect via selection for larger leaves. Both CD and ID were lower in domesticated than in wild cabbage and they were negatively correlated (i.e. traded of) in all of the cabbage lines studied. Reductions in CD were similar in magnitude for leaves and stems, and CD and leaf size were uncorrelated. We conclude that domestication of cabbage has reduced levels not only constitutive defences but also their inducibility, and that reductions in CD may span organs not targeted by breeding. This reduction in defences in domesticated cabbage is presumably the result of direct selection rather than indirect efects via trade-ofs between size and defences. ; This research was fnancially supported by a Regional Government of Galicia Grant (IN607D 2016/001), a Spanish National Research Grant (AGL2015–70748-R) and the Ramón y Cajal Research Programme (RYC-2013-13230) to XM. MF was supported by the Juan de la Cierva Programme (IJCI-2014-19653). ; Peer reviewed

Phenolic compounds are proving to be increasingly important for human health and in crop development, defense and adaptation. In spite of the economical importance of Brassica crops in agriculture, the mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds presents in these species remain unknown. The genetic and metabolic basis of phenolics accumulation was dissected through analysis of total phenolics concentration and its individual components in leaves, flower buds, and seeds of a double haploid (DH) mapping population of Brassica oleracea. The quantitative trait loci (QTL) that had an effect on phenolics concentration in each organ were integrated, resulting in 33 consensus QTLs controlling phenolics traits. Most of the studied compounds had organ-specific genomic regulation. Moreover, this information allowed us to propose candidate genes and to predict the function of genes underlying the QTL. A number of previously unknown potential regulatory regions involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism were identified and this study illustrates how plant ontogeny can affect a biochemical pathway. ; Research supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the project AGL2012-35539 supported in part by the European Union (FEDER funds). ; Peer reviewed ; Peer Reviewed

4 páginas.- 1 figura. ; [EN] Turnip tops are crops belonging to the species Brassica rapa, which have been cultivated for centuries in Galicia (northwest Spain). This horticultural species produces three different products that occupy a prominent place in Galician traditional agriculture: turnips (thickened root) for animal feeding, turnip greens (vegetative leaves) and turnip tops (floral stems) for human feeding. In Spain it is the third crop in importance behind the broccoli and cauliflower, produced almost entirely in Galicia with 6.800 ha. In Europe, similar crops are widely distributed in Italy and Portugal. They are foods rich in proteins, vitamins A, E, C and minerals like iron, calcium and potassium and phenolic compounds with an antioxidant role. Additionally, they contain large amounts of a type of phytochemical called glucosinolates, responsible for the organoleptic, nutritional and medicinal qualities of the crop. Given the importance of the cultivation of this vegetable in the Galician community, the Consellería do Medio Rural and the producers of turnip top promoted a quality mark recognized by the European Union 'Indicación Xeográfica Protexida Grelos de Galicia' (IXP), which augurs a promising future for this crop. ; [ES] Los grelos son un cultivo perteneciente a la especie Brassica rapa, que se cultivan desde hace siglos en Galicia (noroeste de España). Esta especie hortícola produce tres productos diferentes que ocupan un lugar destacado en la agricultura tradicional gallega: nabos (raíz engrosada) para alimentación del ganado, nabizas (hojas vegetativas) y grelos (tallos florales) para alimentación humana. En España, es el tercer cultivo en importancia por detrás del brécol y la coliflor, producida casi en su totalidad en Galicia con 6.800 ha. En Europa, cultivos similares se encuentran ampliamente distribuidos en Italia y Portugal. Son alimentos ricos en proteínas, vitaminas A, E, C y minerales como hierro, calcio y potasio y compuestos fenólicos con un papel antioxidante. Además, contienen grandes cantidades de un tipo de fitoquímicos denominados glucosinolatos, principales responsables de las cualidades organolépticas, nutritivas y medicinales del cultivo. Ante la importancia del cultivo de esta hortaliza en la comunidad gallega, la Consellería do Medio Rural y los productores de grelos impulsaron una marca de calidad reconocida por la Unión Europea: 'Indicación Xeográfica Protexida Grelos de Galicia' (IXP), lo que augura un futuro prometedor para este cultivo. ; Peer reviewed