Suchergebnisse

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction. Gender in the Making of the French Social Model -- One. Reconstruction and Regeneration after World War I -- Two. Gender Division, the Family, and the Citizen-Worker -- Three. Managing the Human Factor -- Four. Organized Labor, Rationalization, and Breadwinners -- Five. Toward the Social Model: Citizenship, Rights, and Social Provision -- Six. Economic Rights and the Gender of Breadwinners: The Depression of the 1930s -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

In the years before and immediately after World War I, gendered and racialized bodies at work became the focus of debate and discussion in France amongst an informal alliance of engineers, doctors, scientists, employers, workers, and the state. Seduced by the promise of "modernity", and the seemingly endless possibilities of science and mechanization, the state attempted to modernize public services and employers sought new ways to discipline labor for greater productivity. Both mobilized rationalization – Taylorism and work science – in the service of greater efficiency and in an effort to identify the allegedly "natural" qualities that made gendered and racialized workers suitable for certain kinds of jobs and would exclude them from others. A not insignificant dimension of this project lay in how French work scientists began to envision the potential uses of gendered French and colonial labor. The development of the French North-African and Indochinese colonial empires around the turn of the century heightened attention to racialized difference. World War I had opened the opportunity to use racialized colonial bodies, both on the military front and in the factory. Thinking about race and gender characteristics continued to influence work science and its applications in the 1920s and 1930s. Work scientists' experiments to ascertain the physical endurance of colonial male workers and white workers underscored the durability of gender meanings i n dealing with white French workers and the instability of those meanings in assessing the abilities of workers of color.

"Scholars across disciplines on both sides of the Atlantic have recently begun to open up, as never before, the scholarly study of race and racism in France. These original essays bring together in one volume new work in history, sociology, anthropology, political science, and legal studies. Each of the eleven articles presents fresh research on the tension between a republican tradition in France that has long denied the legitimacy of acknowledging racial difference and a lived reality in which racial prejudice shaped popular views about foreigners, Jews, immigrants, and colonial people. Several authors also examine efforts to combat racism since the 1970s."--

Introduction : gender and the reconstruction of European working-class history / Laura L. Frader and Sonya O. Rose -- Gender and uneven working-class formation in the Irish linen industry / Jane Gray -- What price a weaver's dignity? Gender inequality and the survival of home-based production in industrial France / Tessie P. Liu -- The gendering of skill as historical process : the case of French knitters in industrial Troyes, 1880-1939 / Helen Harden Chenut -- Consumption, production, and gender : the sewing machine in nineteenth-century France / Judith G. Coffin -- Engendering work and wages : the French labor movement and the family wage / Laura L. Frader -- Women "of a very low type" : crossing racial boundaries in imperial Britain / Laura Tabili -- Protective labor legislation in nineteenth-century Britain : gender, class, and the liberal state / Sonya O. Rose -- Social policy, body politics : recasting the social question in Germany, 1875-1900 / Kathleen Canning -- Republican ideology, gender, and class : France, 1860s-1914 / Judith F. Stone -- Manhood, womanhood, and the politics of class in Britain, 1790-1845 / Anna Clark -- Rational and respectable men : gender, the working class, and citizenship in Britain, 1850-1867 / Keith McClelland -- Class and gender at loggerheads in the early Soviet state : who should organize the female proletariat and how? / Elizabeth A. Wood -- The heroic man and the ever-changing woman : gender and politics in European communism, 1917-1950 / Eric D. Weitz

Scholars across disciplines on both sides of the Atlantic have recently begun to open up, as never before, the scholarly study of race and racism in France. These original essays bring together in one volume new work in history, sociology, anthropology, political science, and legal studies. Each of the eleven articles presents fresh research on the tension between a republican tradition in France that has long denied the legitimacy of acknowledging racial difference and a lived reality in which racial prejudice shaped popular views about foreigners, Jews, immigrants, and colonial people. Several authors also examine efforts to combat racism since the 1970s