Suchergebnisse

Los objetivos del presente articulo son describir el sistema de justicia juvenil en la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) desde las perspectivas juridica y ejecutiva, y comunicar avances cientificos globales en la evaluacion de los jovenes que cometen actos disociales. En la provincia de Buenos Aires el sistema ha sido profundamente modificado en los ultimos 15 anos siguiendo las premisas de la Convencion Internacional sobre los Derechos del Nino y dejando relegado el modelo del Patronato, que habia regido previamente. Las instituciones encargadas de la ejecucion de la intervencion dispuesta por el Poder Judicial dependen actualmente de la Subsecretaria de Ninez y Adolescencia del Ministerio de Desarrollo Social y constan de centros cerrados, centros con regimen de semilibertad y centros de intervencion ambulatoria (medidas alternativas a la prision, tales como suspension de juicio a prueba o tareas comunitarias). Las ciencias relacionadas con la salud mental y con el comportamiento vienen contribuyendo a la identificacion de diversos factores influyentes en la conducta disocial y con el diseno de tipos de intervencion para cada nivel de prevencion. Sin embargo, hay una distancia importante entre las potencialidades del estado actual del; conocimiento y la implementacion. En las condiciones expuestas, queda configurado un periodo de transicion que aun requiere optimizacion de la politica de infancia con ajustes legislativos, judiciales y administrativos y con la capitalizacion de los aportes cientificos. ; The aim of this article is to describe the Justice System for juveniles in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, from a legal and administrative perspective; and to review recent contributions to the assessment of youth with dissocial behaviors. During the last 15 years, the system has been deeply modified in order to fit the recommendations of the Convention on the Rights of the Child's. At present, the dispositions of the Courts are carried out by the Sub - Secretariat of Childhood and Youngsters of the Ministry of Social Development. This Secretariat has different facilities, such as closed, mixed centers that combine indoors and outdoors detention centers, open centers (in charge of the application of the sentences that bear alternatives to prison dispositions and community enforced services, etc). Studies from mental health and behavioral sciences have contributed to the identification of risk factors for dissocial behavior and for developing adequate interventions for each specific level of prevention. However, there is still a big gap between the state of the art and the practical issues related to it. Thus, the local system can be considered to be in transition period, and in need of adjustments not only in the legal codes but also in the application of the law, if policy improvement and better use of scientific knowledge is intended. ; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas ; Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales

Homicide rates in Argentina were really high between 1971 and 1977, probably because of the political conflicts occurring at that time. These rates declined at the end of the 1970's and at the beginning of the 1980's. Then, from the middle 1980's on, there was a progressive increase in both homicide rates and the percentage of accused individuals under the age of 21. This article argues that this increase was due to the influence of an unbalanced situation between certain aspects of regional development and the increase in relative deprivation, and to other facilitating elements such as easier access to drugs. In this study, the most significant and homogeneous correlation was detected among independent variables such as gross domestic product (GDP), Gini's coefficient, unemployment rate and the dependent variable of the percentage of murderers under the age of 21. ; As taxas de homicidio na Argentina foram realmente altas no período de 1971 a 1977, provavelmente devido a conflitos políticos ocorridos naquela época. Essas taxas declinaram no final dos anos 1970 e incio dos anos 1980. Mas da metade da década de 1980 em diante, houve um aumento progressivo nas taxas de homicidio e na porcentagem de indivíduos acusados menores de 21 anos. Este artigo demonstra que esse aumento ocorreu devido a influencia do desequilíbrio entre certos aspectos do desenvolvimento regional e o aumento da privação relativa, e outros elementos facilitadores como acesso mais fácil a drogas. Neste estudo, a correlação mais significativa e homogênea foi detectada entre variáveis independentes tais como produto interno bruto, coeficiente de Gini, taxa de desemprego e variável dependente de porcentagem de homicidas menores de 21 anos. ; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas

A group of 12 authors (GA) shared a statement of concern (SoC) warning against the use of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991, 2003) to assess risk for serious institutional violence in US capital sentencing cases (DeMatteo et al., 2020). Notably, the SoC was not confined to capital sentencing issues, but included institutional violence in general. Central to the arguments presented in the SoC was that the PCL-R has poor predictive validity for institutional violence and also inadequate field reliability. The GA also identified important issues about the fallibility and inappropriate use of any clinical/forensic assessments, questionable evaluator qualifications, and their effects on capital sentencing decisions. However, as a group of forensic academics, researchers, and clinicians, we are concerned that the PCL-R represents a psycholegal red herring, while the SoC did not address critical legislative, systemic, and evaluator/rating issues that affect all risk assessment tools . We contend that the SoC's literature review was selective and that the resultant opinions about potential uses and misuses of the PCL-R were ultimately misleading. We focus our response on the evidence and conclusions proffered by the GA concerning the use of the PCL-R in capital and other cases. We provide new empirical findings regarding the PCL-R's predictive validity and field reliability to further demonstrate its relevance for institutional violence risk assessment and management. We further demonstrate why the argument that group data cannot be relevant for single-case assessments is erroneous. Recommendations to support the ethical and appropriate use of the PCL-R for risk assessment are provided. ; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas