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THIS ARTICLE ARGUES AGAINST GENERAL OR UNITARY THEORIES OF NATIONS AND NATIONALISM, STRESSING INSTEAD THE IRREDUCIBLE SPECIFICITY OF THE NATIONAL PHENOMENA. IT IS ARGUED THAT INDIVIDUAL NATIONALISMS ALWAYS CONTAIN A VERY PARTICULAR "CONTENT" THAT AIMS TO DEFINE THE GENERAL CULTURE AND VALUES OF THE "NATIONAL" PEOPLE AND WHICH, IN TURN, IS RELATED TO THE CONSTRUCTION AND DEPLOYMENT OF SUCH VALUES WITHIN POLITICAL IDEOLOGICAL DISCOURSE. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS SPECIFIC "CONTENT" IS OBSCURED BY UNITARY THEORIES. IT IS FURTHER ARGUED THAT THE BEST WAY TO UNDERSTAND AND ANALYSE THIS "CONTENT" IS A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS THAT RELATES THE PRODUCTION OF NATIONS IN FRAMING MODERN POLITICAL DISCOURSE AND ITS CRUCIAL PLACE IN THE IDEOLOGICAL "INSTITUTION" OF MODERN SOCIETY PROVIDING AN APPEARANCE OF "CLOSURE" OR "UNITY" WHERE THERE IS DIVISION AND CONTRADICTION.

Jürgen Habermas and John Rawls are perhaps the two most renowned and influential figures in social and political philosophy of the second half of the twentieth century. In the 1990s, they had a famous exchange in the Journal of Philosophy. Quarreling over the merits of each other's accounts of the shape and meaning of democracy and legitimacy in a contemporary society, they also revealed how great thinkers working in different traditions read—and misread—one another's work.In this book, James Gordon Finlayson examines the Habermas-Rawls debate in context and considers its wider implications. He traces their dispute from its inception in their earliest works to the 1995 exchange and its aftermath, as well as its legacy in contemporary debates. Finlayson discusses Rawls's Political Liberalism and Habermas's Between Facts and Norms, considering them as the essential background to the dispute and using them to lay out their different conceptions of justice, politics, democratic legitimacy, individual rights, and the normative authority of law. He gives a detailed analysis and assessment of their contributions, assessing the strengths and weaknesses of their different approaches to political theory, conceptions of democracy, and accounts of religion and public reason, and he reflects on the ongoing significance of the debate. The Habermas-Rawls Debate is an authoritative account of the crucial intersection of two major political theorists and an explication of why their dispute continues to matter

Front Cover -- Pubertal Suppression in Transgender Youth -- Pubertal Suppression in Transgender Youth -- Copyright -- List of Contributors -- Contents -- 1 - History of Care of Transgender Youth -- DEDICATION -- REFERENCES -- 2 - Models of Care and Current Guidelines for Care of Transgender Individuals -- GENDER-AFFIRMING CARE -- MULTIDISCIPLINARY CARE -- PRACTICE GUIDELINES -- MENTAL HEALTHCARE -- MEDICAL CARE -- ADJUNCTIVE SERVICES -- BARRIERS TO CARE -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 3 - Puberty -- PHYSICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH PUBERTY -- Female Changes -- Male Changes -- Age at Onset -- Growth Spurt -- Changes in Body Composition -- Other Changes of Puberty -- PHYSIOLOGY OF PUBERTY -- Endocrine Changes From Fetal Life to Puberty -- Changes at Birth and the Mini Puberty of INFANCY -- The Juvenile Pause or the Mid-Childhood Nadir of Gonadotropin Secretion -- Peripubertal Gonadotropin Increase -- Sex Steroid Secretion -- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Stimulation -- Leptin and Puberty -- Ovulation and Menarche -- Adrenarche -- DELAYED PUBERTY OR ABSENT PUBERTY (SEXUAL INFANTILISM) -- Constitutional Delay in Growth and Adolescence -- Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism -- Central nervous system disorders -- Other acquired central nervous system disorders -- Developmental defects -- Radiation therapy -- Isolated gonadotropin deficiency -- Idiopathic hypopituitary dwarfism (growth hormone deficiency in the absence of defined anatomic or organic defects) -- Miscellaneous disorders -- Chronic disease and malnutrition -- Anorexia nervosa -- Increased physical activity -- Hypothyroidism -- Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism -- PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY (SEXUAL PRECOCITY) -- Central (Complete or True) Precocious Puberty -- Idiopathic central (complete or true) isosexual precociious puberty -- Genetic causes of central precocious puberty

As well as providing a clear and critical introduction to the theory, this refreshing overview focuses on the practice of feminism with coverage of actions and activism, bringing the subject to life for newcomers as well as offering fresh perspectives for advanced students. Explanations of the main strands to feminism, such as liberalism, sit alongside an exploration of a range of approaches, such as radical, anarchist and Marxist feminism, and provide much-needed context against which more familiar historical themes may be understood. The author's broad and inclusive view conveys the diversity and disagreement within feminism with accessible clarity. The analysis of key terms equips readers with a critical understanding of the vocabulary of feminist debates that will be invaluable to undergraduate students.

In The Improbable Primate, Clive Finlayson takes an ecological approach to our evolution, considering the origins of modern humans within the context of a drying climate and changing landscapes. Finlayson argues that environmental change, particularly availability of water, played a critical role in shaping the direction of human evolution, contributing to our spread and success. He asserts that our ancestors carved a niche for themselves by leaving the forest and forcing their way into a long-established community of carnivores in a tropical savannah as climate changes opened up the landscape. They took their chance at high noon, when most other predators were asleep. Adapting to this new lifestyle by shedding their hair and developing an active sweating system to keep cool, being close to fresh water was vital. As the climate dried, our ancestors, already bipedal, became taller and slimmer, more adept at travelling farther in search of water. The challenges of seeking water in a drying landscape moulded the minds and bodies of early humans, and directed their migrations and eventual settlements

Prologue : when climate changed the course of history -- The road to extinction is paved with good intentions -- Once we were not alone -- Failed experiments -- Stick to what you know best -- Being in the right place at the right time -- If only . . . -- Africa in Europe : a Mediterranean serengeti -- One small step for man . . . -- Forever opportunists -- The pawn turned player -- Epilogue : children of chance

This book provides a clear and readable overview of the works of today's most influential German philosopher. It analyses the theoretical underpinnings of Habermas's social theory, and its applications in ethics, politics, and law. Finally, it examines how his social and political theory informs his writing on contemporary, political, and social problems. - ;This book gives a clear and readable overview of the philosophical work of J--uuml--;rgen Habermas, the most influential German philosopher alive today, who has commented widely on subjects such as Marxism, the importance and effectiveness