Suchergebnisse

Este artículo analizó el alto grado de integración de la industria automotriz de México con la economía estadounidense, ya que alrededor del 73,0 % del total de las exportaciones de vehículos manufacturados se dirigen a este país. El objetivo consistió en analizar la influencia de algunas variables macroeconómicas sobre la producción de automóviles ligeros en México y su exportación a los Estados Unidos, para lo cual se formuló un modelo de ecuaciones simultáneas. Se concluyó que tanto la producción de automóviles como las exportaciones resultaron ser altamente significativas, lo que muestra la alta interrelación entre estas variables.

El libro presenta diferentes trabajos como: Alternative sources of taxation at the subnational governments in partisan alternation of Mexico; la percepción de los jóvenes sobre la producción, consumo y bienestar animal en Monterrey, Nuevo León; Modelo de aseguramiento comercial privado; la pobreza alimentaria en la zona rural y urbana en México, 2012; la mujer en el sistema financiero: Fondo Regional Indígena Uarhiti Anchikurhiricha; el Análisis del precio del café y el ingreso de los pequeños productores; crédito a Mujeres empresarias en Chimalhuacán, Estado de México; la pobreza y desigualdad del ingreso en los hogares rurales de la zona norte, centro y sur de México; el análisis teórico del efecto del gasto público y situación de la pobreza en México 2014; la inversión extranjera directa en México, 2005-2014; el delito de lavado de dinero, instrumentos y efectos económicos; las sociedades de ahorro y crédito popular de México; las maufacturas exitosas: Inversión extranjera y competitividad laboral.

The objective of the study was to analyze the importance of banking in Mexico. The banking system in Mexico is the result of a complex transformation of processes as deregulation, expansion, crisis, nationalization, foreign ownership and privatization. In 1983, commercial banks were transformed into national credit; later, in 1985 with the purpose of rationalize and optimize their operations, their number decreased. Since 1988 the country began a process of economic and financial reform. Gradually, selective credit drawers were removed and interest rates (Solis, 1997) were liberalized. Between 1991 and 1992, the 18 banks which had hitherto belonged to the government were divested. For some experts, the privatization mechanism was inappropriate because it benefited brokerage firms that, in some cases, were property of former directors of the commercial banks. In addition, the newly privatized banks took advantage of the inadequate regulation and supervision to foster an excessive increase in credit (above the real dynamics of the economy), joined to the precarious risk assessment practices and technological underdevelopment in the banking sector at that time (De la Cruz and Alcántara, 2011). Two years later, in 1994, capital outflows and currency imbalances were consequence of political events that contaminated the economic environment at the time, which significantly reduced the market liquidity. This was worsened by the issuance of short-term government bonds denominated in dollars and free convertibility, which caused a rapid decline of international reserves and an economic crisis. Both the crisis and the devaluation of the currency (in December 1994) increased the bank nonperforming loans (NPLs). In addition, rising interest rates and higher unemployment, exacerbated the breach of obligations of debtors, causing serious problems in the banking sector, forcing the government to speed up the entry of foreign capital into the sector with the aim to find alternative sources of funding (Clavellina, 2013).

El propósito de esta investigación fue examinar el contexto del trabajo infantil llevado a cabo por hijos de trabajadores agrícolas migrantes en México. El estudio encuestó a 558 niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) pertenecientes a familias agrícolas migrantes. El instrumento de recopi-lación de información fue basado en el Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) y el Youth Self-Report (YSR), alineando las dimensiones de análisis a las capacidades humanas centrales propuestas por Nussbann. Los resultados mostraron elementos críticos que afectan el bienestar infantil, y la vulnerabilidad en diferentes capacidades humanas que condicionan el desarrollo humano de los NNA en zonas rurales.

Currently there are 1200 million people worldwide living in extreme poverty. For these circumstances, tourism has seen as an opportunity to alleviate poverty in rural communities. There are many features of tourism as an economic activity that makes it particularly interesting for low-income countries and disadvantaged communities that people inhabit; thus, the objective of this study was to analyze through the review of national and global case study reports, if tourism impacts in reducing poverty in rural communities where the activity occurs. Among the main findings, which are consistent with the approaches of Gascon (2011), is that the focus of tourism benefits a small group of the community, the rest gets marginal income that does not allow them to think of tourism as an option to improve their conditions, seeing migration as a more profitable opportunity. Thus, the approach pro-poor tourism (PPT) did not fight for equality, and may even represent problems for a portion of the population, as poverty and marginalization depends less on the amount of income earned but on the position of the individual within the social structure. As noted by theorists of "social exclusion", a person or social group may own or have access to the means to survive, but being marginalized in the fields of political, cultural and economic decision.