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The role played by mining companies Vale, Samarco and BHP Billiton in repairing the Doce River basin, affected by the collapse of the Fundão dam, has been criticized by specialized literature for reinforcing the self-regulation of the mining sector. But what do the recipients of the reparation and/or compensation actions say about the assistance they received in the affected territories from the Renova Foundation? The aim of this article is to investigate how reparations, agreed via Conduct Adjustment Terms (TACs), are experienced and narrated by the people affected in the riverside towns of Tumiritinga-MG and Galileia-MG, located on the middle Doce River, in eastern Minas Gerais. The research underpinning this work is empirical and qualitative in nature. The use of free interviews and participant observation made it possible to map local feelings and perceptions. What is experienced and narrated in the middle Doce River reveals the power of mining companies over existence in the basin. But it also reveals the daily resistance of the riverside communities.

The construction of axially symmetric soliton solutions with non-zero Hopf topological charges according to a theory known as the extended Skyrme-Faddeev model, was performed in [1]. In this paper we show how masses of glueballs are predicted within this model.

The relentless pursuit of lower production costs causes companies to invest in more efficient production systems so that they can remain economically competitive, while the actions focusing on more sustainable operations from an environmental point of view are usually performed to meet the political government regulating environmental control. However, it is common for companies to focus their efforts to minimize the environmental impacts at an early stage of the product life cycle, neglecting sustainability management in the post-use phase. Given the context, this study seeks to develop sustainability indicators that can be used by the electronics industry to assess the level of practice and performance during production that are related to product recovery after the use phase, in order to better understand how companies are acting to reduce the environmental impacts of their products at the end of their life cycle. Initially, critical success factors related to environmental management of the product's end-of-life are obtained. Then, some of those critical success factors are prioritized, giving rise to the indicators of sustainability used in the benchmarking method. Benchmarking was performed in electronics Brazilian companies, and the data was obtained by means of a questionnaire and interviews. It is concluded from the results that the proposed indicators are suitable for measuring the levels of practices and performance of the participant companies in environmental management at the end of the product life cycle as the indicators were able to portray faithfully the reality of each company. ; N/A

The use of plants for air contamination biomonitoring has been increased due to the low costs and the easy application and handling. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic potential of inhalable particulate matter in the atmosphere of Limeira city (SP, Brazil) by assessing micronucleus (Trad-MCN) in Tradescantia pallida. Samples were collected from august 30th to October 8th, 2007 using large volume samplers (HI-VOL-PM10). The results indicated that particulate matter levels are within the tolerable limits defined by the legislation. However, they were higher than the annual average values. A genotoxic potential of the particulate matter was seen in some cases where micronucleus frequency more than double in relation to the control. As conclusion, Limeira air contaminants are potentially genotoxic, and the combination of micronucleuos assay and T. pallida showed a good sensibility, and can be used in further studies as a tool of air quality monitoring. Keywords: genotoxicity, Tradescantia pallida, particulate matter (PM10), atmosphere pollution.

Telemetry is a key, widely used tool to understand marine megafauna distribution, habitat use, behavior, and physiology; however, a critical question remains: "How many animals should be tracked to acquire meaningful data sets?" This question has wide-ranging implications including considerations of statistical power, animal ethics, logistics, and cost. While power analyses can inform sample sizes needed for statistical significance, they require some initial data inputs that are often unavailable. To inform the planning of telemetry and biologging studies of marine megafauna where few or no data are available or where resources are limited, we reviewed the types of information that have been obtained in previously published studies using different sample sizes. We considered sample sizes from one to >100 individuals and synthesized empirical findings, detailing the information that can be gathered with increasing sample sizes. We complement this review with simulations, using real data, to show the impact of sample size when trying to address various research questions in movement ecology of marine megafauna. We also highlight the value of collaborative, synthetic studies to enhance sample sizes and broaden the range, scale, and scope of questions that can be answered. ; A. M. M. Sequeira was supported by an ARC Grant (DE170100841), and the Australian Institute of Marine Science, G.C. Hays by the Bertarelli Foundation as part of the Bertarelli Programme in Marine Science, and H. J. Calich by an Australian Government RTP scholarship at UWA. Workshop funding was granted to M. Thums, A. M. M. Sequeira, and C. M. Duarte by the UWA Oceans Institute, the Australian Institute of Marine Science, and the Office of Sponsored Research at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).

Growth strategies in mining regions promote gold extraction based on industrial mining, associating Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM) with persistent informality. Against this background, we consider how to approach transformations to sustainability in ASGM. Acknowledging how problematic this topic is for sustainability debates, given how ASGM is associated with a host of environmental and social problems, we argue that a justice lens demands we confront such challenges within the global politics of sustainability. This leads us to review advances in the study of ASGM, linked to debates on extractivism, resource materialities,andinformality. Weuse thenotionofgoldlifewaysto capture how the matter of mining shapes different worlds of extraction. We argue that consideration of the potential for transformations to sustainability needs to be grounded within the realities of ASGM. This necessitates giving value to miners' knowledge(s), perspectives and interests, while recognising the plurality of mining futures. Nevertheless, we conclude that between the immediacy of precarious work and the structural barriers to change in ASGM, the challenges for transformation cannot be underestimated.

AbstractThe COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) project is a large international collaborative effort to analyze individual-level phenotype data from twins in multiple cohorts from different environments. The main objective is to study factors that modify genetic and environmental variation of height, body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and size at birth, and additionally to address other research questions such as long-term consequences of birth size. The project started in 2013 and is open to all twin projects in the world having height and weight measures on twins with information on zygosity. Thus far, 54 twin projects from 24 countries have provided individual-level data. The CODATwins database includes 489,981 twin individuals (228,635 complete twin pairs). Since many twin cohorts have collected longitudinal data, there is a total of 1,049,785 height and weight observations. For many cohorts, we also have information on birth weight and length, own smoking behavior and own or parental education. We found that the heritability estimates of height and BMI systematically changed from infancy to old age. Remarkably, only minor differences in the heritability estimates were found across cultural–geographic regions, measurement time and birth cohort for height and BMI. In addition to genetic epidemiological studies, we looked at associations of height and BMI with education, birth weight and smoking status. Within-family analyses examined differences within same-sex and opposite-sex dizygotic twins in birth size and later development. The CODATwins project demonstrates the feasibility and value of international collaboration to address gene-by-exposure interactions that require large sample sizes and address the effects of different exposures across time, geographical regions and socioeconomic status.

This is the final version of the article. Available from Wiley via the DOI in this record. ; Understanding the processes that determine above-ground biomass (AGB) in Amazonian forests is important for predicting the sensitivity of these ecosystems to environmental change and for designing and evaluating dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). AGB is determined by inputs from woody productivity [woody net primary productivity (NPP)] and the rate at which carbon is lost through tree mortality. Here, we test whether two direct metrics of tree mortality (the absolute rate of woody biomass loss and the rate of stem mortality) and/or woody NPP, control variation in AGB among 167 plots in intact forest across Amazonia. We then compare these relationships and the observed variation in AGB and woody NPP with the predictions of four DGVMs. The observations show that stem mortality rates, rather than absolute rates of woody biomass loss, are the most important predictor of AGB, which is consistent with the importance of stand size structure for determining spatial variation in AGB. The relationship between stem mortality rates and AGB varies among different regions of Amazonia, indicating that variation in wood density and height/diameter relationships also influences AGB. In contrast to previous findings, we find that woody NPP is not correlated with stem mortality rates and is weakly positively correlated with AGB. Across the four models, basin-wide average AGB is similar to the mean of the observations. However, the models consistently overestimate woody NPP and poorly represent the spatial patterns of both AGB and woody NPP estimated using plot data. In marked contrast to the observations, DGVMs typically show strong positive relationships between woody NPP and AGB. Resolving these differences will require incorporating forest size structure, mechanistic models of stem mortality and variation in functional composition in DGVMs. ; This paper is a product of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme AMAZALERT project (282664). The field data used in this study have been generated by the RAINFOR network, which has been supported by a Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation grant, the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme projects 283080, 'GEOCARBON'; and 282664, 'AMAZALERT'; ERC grant 'Tropical Forests in the Changing Earth System'), and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Urgency, Consortium and Standard Grants 'AMAZONICA' (NE/F005806/1), 'TROBIT' (NE/D005590/1) and 'Niche Evolution of South American Trees' (NE/I028122/1). Additional data were included from the Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) Network – a collaboration between Conservation International, the Missouri Botanical Garden, the Smithsonian Institution and the Wildlife Conservation Society, and partly funded by these institutions, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and other donors. Fieldwork was also partially supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico of Brazil (CNPq), project Programa de Pesquisas Ecológicas de Longa Duração (PELD-403725/2012-7). A.R. acknowledges funding from the Helmholtz Alliance 'Remote Sensing and Earth System Dynamics'; L.P., M.P.C. E.A. and M.T. are partially funded by the EU FP7 project 'ROBIN' (283093), with co-funding for E.A. from the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs (KB-14-003-030); B.C. [was supported in part by the US DOE (BER) NGEE-Tropics project (subcontract to LANL). O.L.P. is supported by an ERC Advanced Grant and is a Royal Society-Wolfson Research Merit Award holder. P.M. acknowledges support from ARC grant FT110100457 and NERC grants NE/J011002/1, and T.R.B. acknowledges support from a Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowship.

Understanding the processes that determine aboveground biomass (AGB) in Amazonian forests is important for predicting the sensitivity of these ecosystems to environmental change and for designing and evaluating dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). AGB is determined by inputs from woody productivity (woody NPP) and the rate at which carbon is lost through tree mortality. Here, we test whether two direct metrics of tree mortality (the absolute rate of woody biomass loss and the rate of stem mortality) and/or woody NPP, control variation in AGB among 167 plots in intact forest across Amazonia. We then compare these relationships and the observed variation in AGB and woody NPP with the predictions of four DGVMs. The observations show that stem mortality rates, rather than absolute rates of woody biomass loss, are the most important predictor of AGB, which is consistent with the importance of stand size-structure for determining spatial variation in AGB. The relationship between stem mortality rates and AGB varies among different regions of Amazonia, indicating that variation in wood density and height/diameter relationships also influence AGB. In contrast to previous findings, we find that woody NPP is not correlated with stem mortality rates, and is weakly positively correlated with AGB. Across the four models, basin-wide average AGB is similar to the mean of the observations. However, the models consistently overestimate woody NPP, and poorly represent the spatial patterns of both AGB and woody NPP estimated using plot data. In marked contrast to the observations, DGVMs typically show strong positive relationships between woody NPP and AGB. Resolving these differences will require incorporating forest size structure, mechanistic models of stem mortality and variation in functional composition in DGVMs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. ; This paper is a product of the European Union's Seventh Frame-work Programme AMAZALERT project (282664). The field dataused in this study have been generated by the RAINFOR net-work, which has been supported by a Gordon and Betty MooreFoundation grant, the European Union's Seventh FrameworkProgramme projects 283080, 'GEOCARBON'; and 282664,'AMAZALERT'; ERC grant 'Tropical Forests in the ChangingEarth System'), and Natural Environment Research Council(NERC) Urgency, Consortium and Standard Grants 'AMAZO-NICA' (NE/F005806/1), 'TROBIT' (NE/D005590/1) and 'NicheEvolution of South American Trees' (NE/I028122/1). Additionaldata were included from the Tropical Ecology Assessment andMonitoring (TEAM) Network – a collaboration between Conser-vation International, the Missouri Botanical Garden, the Smith-sonian Institution and the Wildlife Conservation Society, andpartly funded by these institutions, the Gordon and Betty MooreFoundation, and other donors. Fieldwork was also partially sup-ported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientı´fico eTecnolo´gico of Brazil (CNPq), project Programa de PesquisasEcolo´gicas de Longa Duracßa˜o (PELD-403725/2012-7). A.R.acknowledges funding from the Helmholtz Alliance 'RemoteSensing and Earth System Dynamics'; L.P., M.P.C. E.A. andM.T. are partially funded by the EU FP7 project 'ROBIN'(283093), with co-funding for E.A. from the Dutch Ministry ofEconomic Affairs (KB-14-003-030); B.C. [was supported in partby the US DOE (BER) NGEE-Tropics project (subcontract toLANL). O.L.P. is supported by an ERC Advanced Grant and is aRoyal Society-Wolfson Research Merit Award holder. P.M.acknowledges support from ARC grant FT110100457 and NERCgrants NE/J011002/1, and T.R.B. acknowledges support from aLeverhulme Trust Research Fellowship.

The Astropy Project supports and fosters the development of open-source and openly developed Python packages that provide commonly needed functionality to the astronomical community. A key element of the Astropy Project is the core package astropy, which serves as the foundation for more specialized projects and packages. In this article, we provide an overview of the organization of the Astropy project and summarize key features in the core package, as of the recent major release, version 2.0. We then describe the project infrastructure designed to facilitate and support development for a broader ecosystem of interoperable packages. We conclude with a future outlook of planned new features and directions for the broader Astropy Project. ; Google; NumFOCUS; Python Software Foundation; Space Telescope Science Institute; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; South African Astronomical Observatory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory [SV3-73016]; National Aeronautics Space Administration [NAS8-03060]; UW eScience Institute via Moore Foundation; Sloan Foundation; Washington Research Foundation; NASA's Planetary Astronomy Program; NASA [NAS8-03060, NAS 5-26555]; NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute [51316.01]; Giacconi Fellowship; FONDECYT [1170618]; MINEDUC-UA [ANT 1655, ANT 1656]; German Research Foundation (DFG) [SFB 881]; German Research Foundation (DFG); NSF [AST-1313484]; Spanish government [AYA2016-75808-R]; Gemini Observatory; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, under the RD program ; The Astropy community is supported by and makes use of a number of organizations and services outside the traditional academic community. We thank Google for financing and organizing the Google Summer of Code (GSoC) program, that has funded several students per year to work on Astropy related projects over the summer. These students often turn into longterm contributors. We also thank NumFOCUS and the Python Software Foundation for financial support. Within the academic community, we thank institutions that make it possible for astronomers and other developers on their staff to contribute their time to the development of Astropy projects. We acknowledge the support of the Space Telescope Science Institute, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and the South African Astronomical Observatory.r The following individuals would like to recognize support for their personal contributions. H.M.G. was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory contract SV3-73016 to MIT for Support of the Chandra X-Ray Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. J.T.V. was supported by the UW eScience Institute via grants from the Moore Foundation, the Sloan Foundation, and the Washington Research Foundation. S.M.C. acknowledges the National Research Foundation of South Africa. M.V.B. was supported by NASA's Planetary Astronomy Program. T.L.A. was supported by NASA contract NAS8-03060. Support for E.J.T. was provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant No. 51316.01 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555, as well as a Giacconi Fellowship. M.B. was supported by the FONDECYT regular project 1170618 and the MINEDUC-UA projects codes ANT 1655 and ANT 1656. D.H. was supported through the SFB 881 "The Milky Way System" by the German Research Foundation (DFG). W.E.K was supported by an ESO Fellowship. C.M. is supported by NSF grant AST-1313484. S.P. was supported by grant AYA2016-75808-R (FEDER) issued by the Spanish government. J.E.H.T. was supported by the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., on behalf of the international Gemini partnership of Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, and the United States of America. Y.P.B was supported by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, under the R&D program supervised by the Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning.

The Astropy Project supports and fosters the development of open-source and openly developed Python packages that provide commonly needed functionality to the astronomical community. A key element of the Astropy Project is the core package astropy, which serves as the foundation for more specialized projects and packages. In this article, we provide an overview of the organization of the Astropy project and summarize key features in the core package, as of the recent major release, version 2.0. We then describe the project infrastructure designed to facilitate and support development for a broader ecosystem of interoperable packages. We conclude with a future outlook of planned new features and directions for the broader Astropy Project.© 2018. The American Astronomical Society. ; The Astropy community is supported by and makes use of a number of organizations and services outside the traditional academic community. We thank Google for financing and organizing the Google Summer of Code (GSoC) program, that has funded several students per year to work on Astropy related projects over the summer. These students often turn into longterm contributors. We also thank NumFOCUS and the Python Software Foundation for financial support. Within the academic community, we thank institutions that make it possible for astronomers and other developers on their staff to contribute their time to the development of Astropy projects. We acknowledge the support of the Space Telescope Science Institute, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and the South African Astronomical Observatory.r The following individuals would like to recognize support for their personal contributions. H.M.G. was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory contract SV3-73016 to MIT for Support of the Chandra X-Ray Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. J.T.V. was supported by the UW eScience Institute via grants from the Moore Foundation, the Sloan Foundation, and the Washington Research Foundation. S.M.C. acknowledges the National Research Foundation of South Africa. M.V.B. was supported by NASA's Planetary Astronomy Program. T.L.A. was supported by NASA contract NAS8-03060. Support for E.J.T. was provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant No. 51316.01 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555, as well as a Giacconi Fellowship. M.B. was supported by the FONDECYT regular project 1170618 and the MINEDUC-UA projects codes ANT 1655 and ANT 1656. D.H. was supported through the SFB 881 >The Milky Way System> by the German Research Foundation (DFG). W.E.K was supported by an ESO Fellowship. C.M. is supported by NSF grant AST-1313484. S.P. was supported by grant AYA2016-75808-R (FEDER) issued by the Spanish government. J.E.H.T. was supported by the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., on behalf of the international Gemini partnership of Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, and the United States of America. Y.P.B was supported by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, under the R&D program supervised by the Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning.

In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched, as an international collaboration hosted by CERN. This study covers a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee) and an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), which could, successively, be installed in the same 100 km tunnel. The scientific capabilities of the integrated FCC programme would serve the worldwide community throughout the 21st century. The FCC study also investigates an LHC energy upgrade, using FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the second volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the electron-positron collider FCC-ee. After summarizing the physics discovery opportunities, it presents the accelerator design, performance reach, a staged operation scenario, the underlying technologies, civil engineering, technical infrastructure, and an implementation plan. FCC-ee can be built with today's technology. Most of the FCC-ee infrastructure could be reused for FCC-hh. Combining concepts from past and present lepton colliders and adding a few novel elements, the FCC-ee design promises outstandingly high luminosity. This will make the FCC-ee a unique precision instrument to study the heaviest known particles (Z, W and H bosons and the top quark), offering great direct and indirect sensitivity to new physics. ; European Union [654305, 764879, 730871, 777563]; FP7 [312453] ; Open access article ; This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.