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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia de Comunicações ; Nanotechnology is a new and very promising area of research which will allow several new applications to be created in several fields, such as, biological, medical, environmental, military, agricultural, industrial and consumer goods. Although there are several sub-areas of research within the nanotechnology area, the main sub-areas in which the developed work was based were on target nanocommunications. The advances in this area will allow interconnected devices, at the nano-scale, to achieve collaborative tasks which will greatly change the paradigm in the fields described. In spite of this area of research being in its early stages and the various inherit challenges, there are several researches around the world that are contributing for the advances in different sub-areas, which translate in several small advances in the last years. This trend will enable nanocommunications applications to be a reality in a near future, which in turn motivates new researchers to embark on this area. Determined to learn more about this fascinating area, help the research community design and implement new concepts that can influence the path of this new research area, and the knowledge that advances in this area provides a huge impact, changing the paradigm in different fields, were the main motivations that influenced the pursue of the area of research. During the research and study phase, several new concepts were learned, namely, a completely new paradigm which establish communication through molecules, i.e., molecular communication. This new communication paradigm will open a window for several applications to be possible, thus all work performed aimed at this area specifically. After giving molecular communications a thorough research and studying all related concepts, the main challenges in this research area were targeted and solutions to solve them started to be planned. In this document a description of all the work done is presented, in which a ...

Nanotechnology is a newand very promising area of research which will allow several new applications to be created in different fields, such as, biological, medical, environmental, military, agricultural, industrial and consumer goods. This paper focuses specifically on nanocommunications, which will allow interconnected devices, at the nano-scale, to achieve collaborative tasks, greatly changing the paradigm in the fields described. Molecular communication is a new communication paradigm which allows nanomachines to exchange information using molecules as carrier. This is the most promising nanocommunication method within nanonetworks, since it can use bio-inspired techniques, inherit from studied biological systems, which makes the connection of biologic and man-made systems a easier process. At this point, the biggest challenges in these type of nanocommunication are to establish feasible and reliable techniques that will allow information to be encoded, and mechanisms that ensure a molecular communication between different nodes. This paper focus on creating concepts and techniques to tackle these challenges, and establishing new foundations on which future work can be developed. The created concepts and techniques are then applied in an envisioned medical application, which is based on a molecular nanonetwork deployed inside the Human body. The goal of this medical application is to automatously monitor endocrine diseases using the benefits of nanonetworks, which in turn connects with the internet, thus creating a Internet of NanoThings system. The concepts and techniques developed are evaluated by performing several simulations and comparing with other researches, and the results and discussions are presented on the later sections of this paper.