Pensando en la planificación urbana a la luz de la equidad social, revisando los cambios en los métodos y poniendo el foco en los procesos participativos. ¿Qué ha cambiado en las formas de hacer planificación en América Latina durante el último medio siglo? ¿Cómo juegan la política, la economía y el mercado en la construcción de las ciudades contemporáneas? Más aún, ¿cómo entra en juego la participación ciudadana en estos procesos? Tras varias décadas de experiencia, todavía tenemos mucho que aprender. Hoy, algunos profesionales e instituciones están dispuestos a enfrentar los desafíos necesarios para asegurar la inclusión, el acceso a los derechos y la igualdad, al tiempo que abren cada vez más canales de participación. ¿En qué medida puede esta apertura contribuir a las transformaciones necesarias? ; Thinking urban planning in the light of social equity, reviewing the changes in methods, and placing the focus on participatory processes: What has it changed in the ways to do planning in Latin America over the last half century? How do politics, the economy and the market play in the construction of contemporary cities?Moreover, how does citizen participation enter into play within these processes? After several decades of experience, we still have a lot to learn. Today, some professionals and institutions are willing to confront the challenges to secure inclusion, access to rights, and equality while opening ever more channels for participation. To what extent can this opening-up help generate the necessary transformations?" ; Fil: Bombarolo, Félix. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina ; Fil: Fernandez, Octavio Dario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas; Argentina
El barrio Parque Donado Holmberg es el nuevo emprendimiento inmobiliario público-privado impulsado en la zona norte de la ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina), específicamente en la traza nunca concretada de la ex Autopista 3, diseñada por la última dictadura militar. El proyecto promovido por el gobierno local prevé "recuperar" urbanísticamente la traza con el fin de acondicionar el barrio y vender inmuebles de dominio público. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el impacto que la modificación a la normativa urbana y la reestructuración territorial introducida por la Ley Nº 3396/09 tuvo en el proceso de renovación urbana desplegado en el sector V del barrio. La hipótesis principal señala que en dichas modificaciones subyace una política que promueve procesos de renovación urbana con consecuencias gentrificadoras en el barrio. Por último, la estrategia metodológica adoptada es cualitativa, basada en la observación no participante en el barrio, realización de entrevistas en profundidad a informantes claves, y en la revisión de fuentes secundarias provenientes de organismos públicos y privados. ; The Parque Donado Holmberg neighborhood is the new public-private real estate development in the northern part of the city of Buenos Aires (Argentina). It is located on the old pattern of the neverbuilt Highway 3, designed during the last military dictatorship. The current project promoted by the local government plans to "rebuild" the plot in order to condition the neighborhood and sell public domainproperties. The objective of this article is to analyze the impact that the modification to urban regulations and the territorial restructuring introduced by Law 3.396 / 09 had in the process of urban renewal deployed in sector V of the neighborhood. The main hypothesis points out that these changes underscore a policy that promotes processes of urban renewal with gentrifying consequences in the neighborhood. Finally, the methodological strategy is qualitative, based on non-participant observation in the neighborhood, conducting in-depth interviews with key informants and on the revision of secondary sources from public and private organizations. ; Fil: Diaz, Mariela Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas; Argentina ; Fil: Zapata, María Cecilia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina ; Fil: Aguilar, Diego. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo; Argentina ; Fil: Fernandez, Octavio Dario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas; Argentina ; Fil: Quiroga, Alejandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Carrera de Sociología; Argentina
16 páginas.-- 8 figuras.-- 2 tablas.-- 66 referencias.-- Material suplementario http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01342 ; Volcanic caves are filled with colorful microbial mats on the walls and ceilings. These volcanic caves are found worldwide, and studies are finding vast bacteria diversity within these caves. One group of bacteria that can be abundant in volcanic caves, as well as other caves, is Actinobacteria. As Actinobacteria are valued for their ability to produce a variety of secondary metabolites, rare and novel Actinobacteria are being sought in underexplored environments. The abundance of novel Actinobacteria in volcanic caves makes this environment an excellent location to study these bacteria. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) from several volcanic caves worldwide revealed diversity in the morphologies present. Spores, coccoid, and filamentous cells, many with hair-like or knobby extensions, were some of the microbial structures observed within the microbial mat samples. In addition, the SEM study pointed out that these features figure prominently in both constructive and destructive mineral processes. To further investigate this diversity, we conducted both Sanger sequencing and 454 pyrosequencing of the Actinobacteria in volcanic caves from four locations, two islands in the Azores, Portugal, and Hawai'i and New Mexico, USA. This comparison represents one of the largest sequencing efforts of Actinobacteria in volcanic caves to date. The diversity was shown to be dominated by Actinomycetales, but also included several newly described orders, such as Euzebyales, and Gaiellales. Sixty-two percent of the clones from the four locations shared less than 97% similarity to known sequences, and nearly 71% of the clones were singletons, supporting the commonly held belief that volcanic caves are an untapped resource for novel and rare Actinobacteria. The amplicon libraries depicted a wider view of the microbial diversity in Azorean volcanic caves revealing three additional orders, Rubrobacterales, Solirubrobacterales, and Coriobacteriales. Studies of microbial ecology in volcanic caves are still very limited. To rectify this deficiency, the results from our study help fill in the gaps in our knowledge of actinobacterial diversity and their potential roles in the volcanic cave ecosystems. ; The authors acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project CGL2013-41674-P) and FEDER Funds for financial support. AM acknowledges the support from the Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship of the European Commission's 7th Framework Programme (PIEF-GA-2012-328689). CR was funded by the Regional Fund for Science and Technology and Pro-Emprego program of the Regional Government of the Azores, Portugal [M3.1.7/F/013/2011, M3.1.7/F/030/2011]. Her work was partly supported by National funds from the Foundation for Science and Technology of the Portuguese Government, [Understanding Underground Biodiversity: Studies in Azorean Lava Tubes (reference PTDC/AMB/70801/2006]. The authors would like to thank the TRU Innovation in Research Grant, TRU UREAP Fund, Western Economic Diversification Canada Fund, Kent Watson (assisted with the Helmcken Falls Cave sample collection), Derrick Horne (UBC BioImaging Facility for the SEM work). We acknowledged the Canadian Ministry of Forests, Lands, and Natural Resource Operations for Park Use Permit#102172. This work was also supported by the Cave Conservancy of the Virginias, the Graduate Research Allocation Committee at UNM Biology, UNM Biology Grove Scholarship, the Student Research Allocation Committee at UNM, the National Speleological Society, the New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, the New Mexico Alliance for Minority Participation Program, the New Mexico Geological Society, and Kenneth Ingham Consulting. We acknowledge support from the UNM Molecular Biology Facility, which is supported by NIH grant number P20GM103452. The authors also wish to thank Fernando Pereira, Ana Rita Varela, Pedro Correia, Berta Borges, and Guida Pires for help during field and lab work in the Azores. The authors gratefully acknowledge the photographic contributions of Kenneth Ingham and Pedro Cardoso and Michael Spilde (SEM images). The authors would like to thank Dr. Steven Van Wagoner (TRU) and Drs. Julian Davies and Vivian Miao (UBC) for their invaluable comments in manuscript preparation. We gratefully acknowledge the help and collecting permits granted by the staff of El Malpais National Monument and Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park (USA). ; Peer reviewed
