Suchergebnisse

Much has been written about the ways in which recent economic reforms have changed Chinese cities. Chinese planning is often discussed as a profession in an equivalent state of flux, as urban planners struggle to develop a new concept of their role that can find a coherent middle course between conflicting priorities: the pursuit of market-driven growth; the demands of a centralised and relatively authoritarian state; and the need to maintain a participative openness to local communities. This paper questions this emphasis on coherence within professionalism, arguing that planners in modern China define their role by sliding between very different sets of values and priorities. The term 'public interest' acts as a pivot in this negotiation, allowing the tensions between competing rationales to be downplayed. Furthermore, the challenges of the contemporary context do not entail leaving history behind but rather using it as a creative resource for ideas of legitimacy, authority and professionalism. Inspired by Walter Benjamin's reflections on history, we argue that earlier models of professional authority from the Confucian and socialist traditions are mined and reinvented to cope with the uncertainties of professional decision-making in a highly conflicted present.

AbstractThis study examined the development of self‐regulation during early childhood and the reciprocal relations between self‐regulation and maternal sensitivity. Data (N = 1,364) were drawn from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (NICHD SECCYD). Children's situational and committed compliance were assessed in the laboratory at 24 and 36 months, delay of gratification at 54 months, self‐control at 54 months and kindergarten age, and maternal sensitivity was observed at 24, 36, and 54 months. Self‐regulation was characterized to progress from situational compliance to committed compliance and then to fully self‐motivated regulation. Findings also suggest that the development of self‐regulation reflects an ongoing transactional process in which child self‐regulation and maternal sensitivity mutually influence each other.

An important reason for the slowdown of online Q&A (Question and Answer) communities is that the number of users with knowledge input behavior is relatively small and the intensity of input behavior is decreasing, which is precisely the key to the sustainable development of communities. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the factors affecting knowledge contribution behavior to maintain the sustainable development of the community. Based on the social exchange theory from the perspective of configuration, the theoretical model of the factors influencing knowledge contribution behavior is constructed by sorting out nine dimensions of variables from users' self-improvement and social identity, writing a distributed crawler program to capture a total of 5,000 sample data from Zhihu community, using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis for empirical research. We found that users' knowledge contribution behavior is influenced by multiple prefactors, there may be three different types of constitutive paths that influence users' knowledge contribution behavior: self-improvement, social identity, and both. At the same time, users' self-improvement and social identity play a linkage role and jointly influence knowledge contribution behaviors. From the perspective of configuration, the platform can find multiple influencing factors in various ways, so as to enhance the enthusiasm of users for knowledge contribution and promote the sustainable development of the online Q & A community. In addition, this paper further deepen the study of the factors influencing knowledge contribution behavior and develop new research perspectives for the study.