Suchergebnisse

The aim of this book is to analyze the quality of entrepreneurial management and economic development in the Latin American region from a microeconomic point of view. It seeks to explain the Latin American way of business management as well as envision ways in which Latin American businesses can increase productivity and innovation in order to successfully compete in the global market. Latin America comprises nearly 8.5% of the global population and represents over 8% of the global GDP, yet it is home to only 12 (or less than 2.5%) of the world's 500 largest companies. In this volume, the author analyzes the unique dynamics of Latin American corporate culture to consider the particular obstacles to more successful performance. Drawing evidence from dozens of companies across the eight largest Latin American economies, he notes that Latin American companies have evolved in the context of a highly aristocratic and oligarchic society, dominated by patriarchal families from the upper classes. Corporate structure, especially in family-owned companies, is based largely on patronage and privilege, and often characterized by unnecessary hierarchy, redundant responsibilities, and poor communication and information management systems. Operating in relative isolation, with little incentive to invest in innovation to compete against foreign products has reinforced this conservative culture. Taking a fresh perspective that focuses at the firm level, with an emphasis on corporate administration, the author presents a compelling explanation for Latin America's delay in economic development, and offers insights for promoting innovation and entrepreneurship, identifying promising industrial sectors, and improving productivity and competitiveness on the global stage

The aim of this book is to analyze the quality of entrepreneurial management and economic development in the Latin American region from a microeconomic point of view. It seeks to explain the Latin American way of business management as well as envision ways in which Latin American businesses can increase productivity and innovation in order to successfully compete in the global market. Latin America comprises nearly 8.5% of the global population and represents over 8% of the global GDP, yet it is home to only 12 (or less than 2.5%) of the world's 500 largest companies. In this volume, the author analyzes the unique dynamics of Latin American corporate culture to consider the particular obstacles to more successful performance. Drawing evidence from dozens of companies across the eight largest Latin American economies, he notes that Latin American companies have evolved in the context of a highly aristocratic and oligarchic society, dominated by patriarchal families from the upper classes. Corporate structure, especially in family-owned companies, is based largely on patronage and privilege, and often characterized by unnecessary hierarchy, redundant responsibilities, and poor communication and information management systems. Operating in relative isolation, with little incentive to invest in innovation to compete against foreign products has reinforced this conservative culture. Taking a fresh perspective that focuses at the firm level, with an emphasis on corporate administration, the author presents a compelling explanation for Latin America's delay in economic development, and offers insights for promoting innovation and entrepreneurship, identifying promising industrial sectors, and improving productivity and competitiveness on the global stage.

O presente artigo trata da relação entre as condições geográficas de uma determinada região e o surgimento de inovações, com o objetivo de analisar as causas para o atraso da América Latina nas questões referentes ao desenvolvimento tecnológico. O texto aborda o problema olhando para as maiores empresas da região, discutindo qual a explicação para o fato de estas raramente estarem nos setores classificados como de alta tecnologia. Para buscar essa explicação, o artigo percorre vários autores que se debruçaram sobre o tema detendo-se, principalmente, naqueles que fizeram comparações com outras regiões do globo, mormente os países asiáticos, tendo em vista caracterizar os aspectos geográficos decisivos para a ocorrência de inovações. O resultado é altamente preocupante, pois são raras as empresas da América Latina que conseguem projeção mundial e as mesmas, quase sempre, fazem parte de setores da economia de conteúdo tecnológico muito baixo.

Este estudo teve como objetivo propor um modelo teórico-conceitual e validá-lo por meio de pesquisa empírica, em que se buscou evidências se as corporações multinacionais contribuem para o aumento da inovatividade de seus fornecedores e parceiros nas localidades onde se estabelecem. A construção do modelo partiu da noção de competências territoriais (PITTERI, 2012) e suas relações com inovações em gestão, na perspectiva de quatro dimensões: (1) relações eficazes entre empresas; (2) flexibilidade nas práticas de gestão internas e externas; (3) preservação de recursos esgotáveis e meio ambiente; (4) aprendizagem interativa. Trata-se de estudo teórico-empírico, exploratório e essencialmente qualitativo. A validação do modelo teórico-conceitual foi efetuada na região entre Campinas e Sorocaba. Foram utilizados dois procedimentos metodológicos em três fases distintas. Os resultados sugerem que o modelo teórico se mostrou adequado, contribuindo no entendimento das relações entre as multinacionais e parceiros na produção de inovações em gestão. Foi possível identificar que as multinacionais contribuem para o aumento da inovatividade das empresas locais, porém, essas também transferem conhecimento às multinacionais, especialmente nos aspectos relacionados às políticas sociais, econômicas e culturais, bem como às barreiras regulatórias das localidades onde se estabelecem. Para estudos futuros, sugere-se a ampliação da pesquisa de campo em localidades que se caracterizam como polos econômicos, a fim de se efetuar análises comparativas entre as mesmas. A partir dessas referências, abre-se um campo interessante para proposições de políticas públicas com foco nas realidades regionais, voltadas ao seu desenvolvimento.

In this paper, we analyze the relevance of innovation concerning the emergence of important changes in the society. In order to verify which are the most relevant factors when it comes to the allocation of countries in an innovation ranking (Global Innovation Index), we accomplished a quantitative study, in which the procedure of multiple linear regression was used. The sample of our study comprised 33 countries and the analysis of the theoretical framework was carried out conducive to the creation of six independent variables. As result, the variables "GDP per capita", "Public expenditures on R&D", "Exports of high-tech goods", "Public expenditures on education", "Number of large companies" and "Number of patents" are in descending order the ones most related to the innovation level reached by some countries. The only variable negatively correlated to innovation is the number of patents registered in a determined country; in other words, one may conclude that patents are not the most relevant indicator linked with the development of innovation. We also emphasize the role played by the government when providing a favorable institutional environment in order to encourage and support innovation.

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir à luz das teorias de internacionalização e competitividade, o posicionamento de uma empresa genuinamente brasileira exportadora de carnes e alimentos que se tornou um grande player global nessa indústria a JBS – Friboi que possui hoje 140 unidades de produção no mundo e mais de 120 mil colaboradores. Esta empresa que se internacionalizou de forma muito veloz nos últimos anos, se tornou líder global na produção de carne bovina, segundo maior produtor de carne de frango e terceiro maior produtor de carne suína nos EUA (JBS, 2010). O caso da JBS é emblemático quando analisado sob o conceito do diamante de Porter aplicado ao Brasil. As vantagens advindas dos recursos naturais no Brasil ajudaram a criar o expertise da JBS, e das demais empresas do setor, culminando na sua liderança neste mercado e criando escala para concorrer no exterior. A empresa ganhou escala e competitividade com a vantagem da produção pecuária em recursos naturais (condição de fatores), mas se supõe que para a manutenção da sua posição de liderança é necessária uma estratégia pautada em inovação que transcenda apenas o aumento da escala e excelência operacional.

Purpose - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation), owned by the Brazilian Government, is one of the most efficient agencies for promoting sustainable tropical agriculture in the world. However, although information is available, farmers do not always put the technologies and knowledge into practice. There is a large difference between the average productivity of farmers and crop or herd potential. Thus, this paper aims to describe and analyze the process of technology transfer of the Embrapa Agrobiology Unit. Design/methodology/approach The study reviewed the classical and diffusionist models of technology transfer (TT) in Brazilian agriculture and the role of the government in innovation. This was based on documentary research and structured interviews with four employees, supported by a structured roadmap composed of four categories for analysis: the role of TT; the organizational structure of the area; the TT strategies; and the ways of delivery, methods and tools of TT. By a qualitative approach, the results were treated through content analysis. Findings The results indicated that the area of TT at Embrapa went through a recent restructuring, which included the interchange and collective construction of knowledge (ICC) in its TT process, to turn entrepreneurship into reality. The company is dedicated to bringing knowledge to the most important people: farmers. This has been done through a participatory TT model, which has involved multiplier agents from the research stage to the transfer stage. Research limitations/implications Some limitations were found, among them, the fact that only internal members of Embrapa were interviewed, limiting the view of the TTICC staff and without knowing the multiplier agents' opinion and other actors involved in the process. In addition, it is a qualitative research that is subject to the interpretation of the researcher. Practical implications This study contributed to reflections about the TT process and how it can be used by different actors, along with the role of the State in innovation. Social implications In addition to contributing to the development of products, processes and technologies for the economic, social and environmental development of Brazil, Embrapa has been outstanding in generating knowledge for the advancement of science. Its results have had impacts not only nationally but also worldwide. Embrapa has played a key role in Brazilian agriculture as well as in livestock, mainly, in supporting governmental projects and in the implementation of public policies. Originality/value The aim of this study was achieved, as there was a possibility of describing and analyzing the technology transfer process at Embrapa Agrobiology Unit, located in the city of Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro. It is concluded that Embrapa has been committed to involving the farmer in the process of interchange, collective construction of knowledge and technology transfer. The farmer has become the focus of this process, reducing the development of "shelf" researches and increasing the participation of the farmer or of the multiplier agent. The importance of studying and knowing the process of technology and knowledge transfer to the public of interest should be highlighted, and especially the reasons why this technology or knowledge are often not adopted by the public. It was possible to identify that Embrapa has noticed the difficulties of farmers and realized that the best way the best way of transforming technological solutions and knowledge into innovation is by involving the farmer in the process of construction and of transfer. Thus, the farmer gives greater credibility to the technology or generated knowledge because this is something that he himself helped build. In the sphere of contemporary institutional knowledge management, Embrapa has had as its main point of departure the demand and the needs of society. For this, it has created means to ensure the participation of different actors because they signal the construction of technological solutions and of innovation and they are the ones who know the real situation. However, this is a recent progress within Embrapa that has evolved and generated results. Thus, research, science and technology institutions must go beyond technology transfer and must ensure the involvement, participation and interaction of the public of interest to promote significant change, social, economic and environmental development and transformation. Embrapa observed this from the referential framework that included technology transfer, interchange and the collective construction of knowledge.

Purpose – Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation), owned by the Brazilian Government, is one of the most efficient agencies for promoting sustainable tropical agriculture in the world. However, although information is available, farmers do not always put the technologies and knowledge into practice. There is a large difference between the average productivity of farmers and crop or herd potential. Thus, this paper aims to describe and analyze the process of technology transfer of the Embrapa Agrobiology Unit. Design/methodology/approach – The study reviewed the classical and diffusionist models of technology transfer (TT) in Brazilian agriculture and the role of the government in innovation. This was based on documentary research and structured interviews with four employees, supported by a structured roadmap composed of four categories for analysis: the role of TT; the organizational structure of the area; the TT strategies; and the ways of delivery, methods and tools of TT. By a qualitative approach, the results were treated through content analysis. Findings – The results indicated that the area of TT at Embrapa went through a recent restructuring, which included the interchange and collective construction of knowledge (ICC) in its TT process, to turn entrepreneurship into reality. The company is dedicated to bringing knowledge to the most important people: farmers. This has been done through a participatory TT model, which has involved multiplier agents from the research stage to the transfer stage. Research limitations/implications – Some limitations were found, among them, the fact that only internal members of Embrapa were interviewed, limiting the view of the TTICC staff and without knowing the multiplier agents' opinion and other actors involved in the process. In addition, it is a qualitative research that is subject to the interpretation of the researcher. Practical implications – This study contributed to reflections about the TT process and how it can be used by different actors, along with the role of the State in innovation. Social implications – In addition to contributing to the development of products, processes and technologies for the economic, social and environmental development of Brazil, Embrapa has been outstanding in generating knowledge for the advancement of science. Its results have had impacts not only nationally but also worldwide. Embrapa has played a key role in Brazilian agriculture as well as in livestock, mainly, in supporting governmental projects and in the implementation of public policies. Originality/value – The aim of this study was achieved, as there was a possibility of describing and analyzing the technology transfer process at Embrapa Agrobiology Unit, located in the city of Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro. It is concluded that Embrapa has been committed to involving the farmer in the process of interchange, collective construction of knowledge and technology transfer. The farmer has become the focus of this process, reducing the development of "shelf" researches and increasing the participation of the farmer or of the multiplier agent. The importance of studying and knowing the process of technology and knowledge transfer to the public of interest should be highlighted, and especially the reasons why this technology or knowledge are often not adopted by the public. It was possible to identify that Embrapa has noticed the difficulties of farmers and realized that the best way the best way of transforming technological solutions and knowledge into innovation is by involving the farmer in the process of construction and of transfer. Thus, the farmer gives greater credibility to the technology or generated knowledge because this is something that he himself helped build. In the sphere of contemporary institutional knowledge management, Embrapa has had as its main point of departure the demand and the needs of society. For this, it has created means to ensure the participation of different actors because they signal the construction of technological solutions and of innovation and they are the ones who know the real situation. However, this is a recent progress within Embrapa that has evolved and generated results. Thus, research, science and technology institutions must go beyond technology transfer and must ensure the involvement, participation and interaction of the public of interest to promote significant change, social, economic and environmental development and transformation. Embrapa observed this from the referential framework that included technology transfer, interchange and the collective construction of knowledge.