Foreign Invesment in Africa's agribusiness : Landgrabbing or factors of development : Paradoxes of the Republic of Congo ; Les investissements étrangers dans l'agrobusiness en Afrique : accaparements fonciers ou facteurs de développement ? Les paradoxes de la République du Congo
The increase in the world population feeds debates on access to food and questions the role of agriculture and access to land to achieve food self-sufficiency. The most popular forms of agriculture and land management in the prevailing world economic system are agribusiness at the expense of family farming and private ownership as a land management mode. Yet today, within the international financial organisations, this capitalist model, energy-consuming and with significant environmental costs, is under discussion and hybrid forms are increasingly favoured. In this global context, this thesis questions the strategy of massive land acquisitions by agribusiness as a means to access food self-sufficiency in the Congo. The food supply of the Republic of Congo, characterised by a small rural population and an unstructured peasantry, depends since the 1970s on imports thanks to the income from oil revenue. In this context, for the last ten years, the Congolese government has been calling foreign investors to increase national agricultural production. At the same time, since the 1990s, a land reform introducing securitisation has been progressively put in place. Paradoxically, despite the low labour requirements of agribusiness, the various foreign agricultural companies followed have poor returns. The low population and availability of arable land seem to be an indirect barrier to agricultural intensification and local development. But the weak rural population and the weakness of peasant agriculture both results from the politic of the indebted, authoritarian and patrimonial rentier state, which has abandoned its rural areas in favor of its two major cities, the political centre, Brazzaville and the economic one, Pointe Noire. ; L'augmentation de la population mondiale nourrit les débats sur l'accès à l'alimentation et interroge sur le rôle de l'agriculture et du foncier pour accéder à l'autosuffisance alimentaire. Les formes d'agriculture et de gestion du foncier privilégiées dans le système économique mondial ...