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still has a strong cultural identity, and sponge fishing is part of a very old past in the Mediterranean. It can be traced more than 2500 years ago in this inner-sea 1. Stimulated by the new needs of the industrial revolution, this sector of the fisheries economy is growing strongly and peaked in the last decades of the nineteenth century2. However, this growth seems paradoxical. It is technically at odds with developments in the other sectors of the fishing economy in the Mediterranean at the present time. Subject to homogenisation processes driven by the discovery of new material, Mediterranean fishing, like that of the small pelagic species revolutionised by the advent of the purse seine, has seen a tightening of its fishing practices in the period between the two wars. Marginalisation of the oldest processes is the most remarkable consequence. This is not the case with sponge fisheries, which coexist in the 20th century with multi-layered and new gear derived from mechanisation and engineering. The origins of this singularity are currently being questioned. It is sought to highlight the limitations of the mechanisation process of this fishery, regardless of whether these limits are of a human or ecological nature. Italian documentary collections of the General Administration of Dodecanese (1912-1943), currently kept by the public archives of Rhodes, provide a concrete illustration of the complex and plural organisation of a fishing campaign through the example of the Kalymnos fleet. These funds provide knowledge of the actors involved in its financing, its technical implementation and its physical progress. ; International audience ; still has a strong cultural identity, and sponge fishing is part of a very old past in the Mediterranean. It can be traced more than 2500 years ago in this inner-sea 1. Stimulated by the new needs of the industrial revolution, this sector of the fisheries economy is growing strongly and peaked in the last decades of the nineteenth century2. However, this growth seems ...

International audience ; Global change impacts Mediterranean fisheries and the dependent human populations. Overfishing and epizootic diseases related to extreme climatic events are currently accepted as the main threats to the production of commercial bath sponges. Believing that other factors could have impacted this insular fishery, we assembled a 150-year-long series of sponge fishing data for Greece that was analyzed in relation with variations of the pressure and of the socio-economic contexts. Sponge fishing experienced huge variations, with notably two distant short periods when the production collapsed (late nineteenth century and between 1985 and 1991). Before the 1970s, these variations are mainly attributed to socio-economic and political changes. The monitoring of the catches per unit effort indicates a clear overfishing impact only after 1977. However, after the last collapse of the overall production which followed the severe disease outbreak of the late 1980s, the catch per unit effort showed a positive trend, which tends to indicate that the stocks available bear the present fishing pressure. Fishermen have adapted towards sustainable practices, by reducing their crew and also diversifying their targets, which nevertheless calls to a more accurate monitoring of such a small-scale fishery.

International audience ; Global change impacts Mediterranean fisheries and the dependent human populations. Overfishing and epizootic diseases related to extreme climatic events are currently accepted as the main threats to the production of commercial bath sponges. Believing that other factors could have impacted this insular fishery, we assembled a 150-year-long series of sponge fishing data for Greece that was analyzed in relation with variations of the pressure and of the socio-economic contexts. Sponge fishing experienced huge variations, with notably two distant short periods when the production collapsed (late nineteenth century and between 1985 and 1991). Before the 1970s, these variations are mainly attributed to socio-economic and political changes. The monitoring of the catches per unit effort indicates a clear overfishing impact only after 1977. However, after the last collapse of the overall production which followed the severe disease outbreak of the late 1980s, the catch per unit effort showed a positive trend, which tends to indicate that the stocks available bear the present fishing pressure. Fishermen have adapted towards sustainable practices, by reducing their crew and also diversifying their targets, which nevertheless calls to a more accurate monitoring of such a small-scale fishery.

International audience Global change impacts Mediterranean fisheries and the dependent human populations. Overfishing and epizootic diseases related to extreme climatic events are currently accepted as the main threats to the production of commercial bath sponges. Believing that other factors could have impacted this insular fishery, we assembled a 150-year-long series of sponge fishing data for Greece that was analyzed in relation with variations of the pressure and of the socio-economic contexts. Sponge fishing experienced huge variations, with notably two distant short periods when the production collapsed (late nineteenth century and between 1985 and 1991). Before the 1970s, these variations are mainly attributed to socio-economic and political changes. The monitoring of the catches per unit effort indicates a clear overfishing impact only after 1977. However, after the last collapse of the overall production which followed the severe disease outbreak of the late 1980s, the catch per unit effort showed a positive trend, which tends to indicate that the stocks available bear the present fishing pressure. Fishermen have adapted towards sustainable practices, by reducing their crew and also diversifying their targets, which nevertheless calls to a more accurate monitoring of such a small-scale fishery.

International audience ; Global change impacts Mediterranean fisheries and the dependent human populations. Overfishing and epizootic diseases related to extreme climatic events are currently accepted as the main threats to the production of commercial bath sponges. Believing that other factors could have impacted this insular fishery, we assembled a 150-year-long series of sponge fishing data for Greece that was analyzed in relation with variations of the pressure and of the socio-economic contexts. Sponge fishing experienced huge variations, with notably two distant short periods when the production collapsed (late nineteenth century and between 1985 and 1991). Before the 1970s, these variations are mainly attributed to socio-economic and political changes. The monitoring of the catches per unit effort indicates a clear overfishing impact only after 1977. However, after the last collapse of the overall production which followed the severe disease outbreak of the late 1980s, the catch per unit effort showed a positive trend, which tends to indicate that the stocks available bear the present fishing pressure. Fishermen have adapted towards sustainable practices, by reducing their crew and also diversifying their targets, which nevertheless calls to a more accurate monitoring of such a small-scale fishery.