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Aim. To identify the main facial features associated to facial attractiveness in women nowadays. Method. A descriptive study was conducted on a sample of 20 female public figures, very famous and successful women, most frequently actresses, singers or models, considered very beautiful nowadays. Their selection followed the analysis of several recent tops that aimed identifying most beautiful women, in which raters were lay persons. Data was collected by analyzing photos from frontal and lateral view, during rest position and smiling. Results. The persons analyzed registered diverse facial traits. Most obvious trends, encountered in more than 75% of them, included: Caucasian race; straight and long hair; average nasal tip protrusion; maxillary dental midline concordant to facial midline; a thicker lower lip compared to the upper lip; exposure of only maxillary incisors during smile; decreased or absent buccal corridor; maxillary central incisors of oval/rectangular shape; absence of maxillary teeth crowding. Other frequently encountered features were: American nationality; brown hair; eyes with medium size, almond shape, wide set, of green color; nose with an average width; face with a decreased lower third and a slightly convex profile; a thick lower lip and an average upper lip; exposure during smiling till the first molar, with a normal smile line. Conclusions. The public beautiful women nowadays register features that are generally associated to an increased facial attractiveness. Knowledge of trends in facial beauty is useful in dental practice, in order to understand better patient's need in terms of esthetic expectations.

The aim of this study was to compare two computerized digital esthetic design methods (DSD and Visagismile) in order to properly choose the appropriate form of the maxillary frontal teeth for complete bimaxillary edentulous patients and to validate the use of these applications in complete edentulism. An online questionnaire was submitted to a group of 100 persons (dental doctors, dental medicine students and persons activating in other fields); the respective persons were requested to choose the form of maxillary frontal teeth for a group of four complete bimaxillary edentulous patients, whose esthetic design had been performed by using the two computerized progams. Following the respondents' analysis of the esthetic previews elaborated for the four patients 60% of the total answers were in favour of DSD while the remaining 40% were in favour of Visagismile; these percentages are identical with the ones obtained on the basis of the answers given by dental doctors and dental medicine students. In case of the respondents activating in other fields the percentages were 66% in favour of DSD and 34% in favour of Visagismile. Based on the results of the study the two computerized methods were validated also for cases of complete edentulism but further studies to confirm this validation are still required. These two methods improve the dental doctor/patient communication and certainly provide a higher predictability of the esthetic results of prosthetic restorations not only for dentate patients but also in cases of complete edentulism.

One of the most obvious trends in current prosthetic dentistry is the introduction of digital techniques. Of these, the techniques that offer the possibility of aesthetic prefiguration of the final prosthetic result are of particular interest to the dentist. The aim of this paper was to verify the applicability of the Digital Smile Design application, which is the most commonly, used aesthetic prefiguration application, an application designed for the dentate patient, to full edentulism. Two groups of full edentulous patients were formed: the first group, complete denture carriers, dissatisfied with the aesthetic aspects, that they wanted to improve in the new denture, and, the second group, newly bimaxillary full edentulous patients with high aesthetic expectations. Thus, on the first group, the tests were performed on the existing denture, and the second one with the maxillary occlusion template. However, the view of the final result offered the patients the chance to have a realistic picture of their desires regarding the shape, color, size of the teeth, which were inadequate in relation to age and facial typology. The use of this application also improves communication with the dental laboratory. In full edentulism, the current DSD technique can be used with some limitations and the use of it in this field needs more complex studies on larger groups of patients.

Introduction: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key enzymes involved in degradation of extracellular colagen matrix during periodontal disease progression. The aim of our work was to study the levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9 and MMP-10 in saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and methods: The study included 22 patients with chronic periodontal disease and 15 controls. We collect unstimulated whole saliva from all volunteers included in the study. Salivary levels of mentioned MMPs were analyzed using magnetic bead-based multiplex assays and Luminex technology. Results: MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-9 and MMP-10 present statistically increased salivary levels at patients with periodontal disease versus the control group (p<0.05). Salivary level of MMP-2 at patients with chronic periodontitis was increased but statistically insignificant compared with healthy subjects (p=0.1). Conclusions. The increased level of these enzymes in patients diagnosed with periodontal disease reflects their implication in periodontal tissue degradation. Saliva is an excellent fluid useful in monitoring the severity of this oral disease that affects about half of the adult population around the world.

Unlike the therapy of primary BMS, the treatment of secondary BMS benefits, in addition to symptomatic therapy, from the possibility of using means and methods to correct biological disturbances and/or morphological, psycho-emotional changes respectively. The use of these therapeutic means in secondary BMS is recommended to be established as a first step of therapeutic conduct. Their success is reflected in homeostasis restoring, correcting morphological and functional changes of the field, which frequently leads to no longer use prescription of symptomatic treatment.

Aim. The assessment of distribution of supernumerary permanent teeth (SPT) and the disturbances caused by them. Material and method. Cross-sectional study upon a sample of 85 children (58 boys) aged between 3 and 18 years (mean age=9.08±3.09 years) with at least one SPT. Were analyzed: patients' distribution according to gender, age and number of dental units; SPT distribution according to arch and topography and also the disturbances noticed. Results. a) boys:girls ratio=2.14:1; b) the 85 patients had 107 SPT, mean number=1.25; c) 76.47% of patients had one SPT; d) 89.72% of SPT were on maxillary arch, maxilla:mandible ratio = 8.7:1; d) 92.52% of SPT were localized in anterior region, anterior:posterior region ratio = 12.3:1; e) mesiodens –71.96%, supernumerary lateral incisor – 19.62%; f) disturbances caused by SPT: ectopic eruption of permanent teeth – 36.47%; delay or failure of eruption of permanent teeth – 21.17%; crowding – 20%. Conclusions. 1. Supernumerary teeth were most frequent noticed in boys, in maxillary anterior region. 2. Most often they caused eruption disturbances of permanent teeth. Keywords: supernumerary permanent teeth, distribution, complications.

The pneumatization of all nasal turbinates is an extremely rare finding. Several previous reports have presented the bilateral superior, middle, and inferior conchæbullosæ. We report the bilateral pneumatization of middle and superior nasal turbinates. The variant was documented in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in all three dimensions. The inferior concha bullosa was a bilaterally moderate subtype of lamellar pneumatization that presented as a conchal recess of the maxillary sinus. The concha bullosa media was bilaterally of the extensive or true type and associated unilaterally with an uncinate bulla. The concha bullosa superior was asymmetrical bilaterally, narrower on the right side, and larger on the left where it was also septated and tri-cameral. The supreme conchæ were rudimentary, as were their pneumatizations. For an accurate anatomic diagnosis of conchæbullosæ in computed tomography, sagittal, coronal, and axial cuts, as well as three-dimensional reconstructions, should be used to ensure adequate planning of functional endoscopic sinus surgery.