Suchergebnisse

This paper surveys research on the size of the undocumented immigrant population in the United States, the causes and consequences of illegal migrant flows, public attitudes toward unauthorized migrants, and the history of attempts to control the volume of undocumented migration. It concludes that there are powerful push and pull factors that create and sustain the volume of unauthorized migration, that there is little evidence that undocumented migrants have negative labor market consequences despite what the general public thinks, that US policy has been largely powerless to make a permanent dent in undocumented immigration, and that the current level of clandestine US immigration may not be far from what society might view as socially optimal.

In this paper the author applies the framework of multiregional population analysis to marital status changes as revealed by longitudinal retrospective data on marital histories collected as part of the June 1975 Current Population Survey supplement. Four marital statuses are used: never married, presently married, divorced, and widowed. Marital status life tables are computed for three periods: 1960–1965, 1965–1970, and 1970–1975, and, for each period, differences between males and females and between whites and blacks are described. We examine the proportion of a life-table cohort ever marrying, the mean age at first marriage, the number of marriages per person marrying, the proportion of marriages ending in divorce, the average duration of a marriage (or a divorce, or a widowhood), and the like.

The completion rates & length of completion of doctorate degrees by US & foreign students in 11 prestigious US postsecondary institutions are compared. Statistics for 35,883 US & foreign doctoral students in literature, economics, math, physics, history, & political science indicate that a greater % of foreign students complete doctoral programs than US students; moreover, foreign students generally complete graduate programs one year earlier. Although explanations for such discrepancies remain unaddressed, it is suggested that higher motivation, the inability to pursue outside employment, & the receipt of fellowships from sponsoring countries may account for the superior performance of foreign doctoral students. 4 Tables, 2 Figures, 6 References. Adapted from the source document.

Objective. Accumulating research suggests that state expenditures on immigrant households modestly exceed revenues returned to state governments, while immigrants pose significant net fiscal burdens on local governments. This article examines the extent to which immigrant-native differences in household public service use & tax remittances are attributable to nativity status rather than to socioeconomic & demographic characteristics. Methods. The analysis uses 1990 census data for NJ & OLS regression to identify the effect of nativity on household public benefit receipt & tax payments. Nativity status is parameterized along several dimensions. Results. Differences in households' economic & demographic characteristics account for most of the differential fiscal impact of immigrant households on state & local governments. Immigrant households generally pay higher state & local taxes & receive fewer state government services than statistically equivalent native households. Conclusions. Little of the immigrant-native difference in net fiscal burdens is attributable to nativity status per se, but is primarily due to household characteristics that are closely correlated with government expenditures on households. 6 Tables, 18 References. Adapted from the source document.