Private Sector Conservation Investments under the Endangered Species Act: A Guide to Return on Investment Analysis
In: Resources for the Future Discussion Paper 17-11
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In: Resources for the Future Discussion Paper 17-11
SSRN
Working paper
In: American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Band 99, Heft 2, S. 447-463
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In: American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Band 97, Heft 1, S. 180-198
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In: Risk analysis: an international journal, Band 38, Heft 3, S. 603-619
ISSN: 1539-6924
AbstractThe United States imports more than 1 billion live plants annually—an important and growing pathway for introduction of damaging nonnative invertebrates and pathogens. Inspection of imports is one safeguard for reducing pest introductions, but capacity constraints limit inspection effort. We develop an optimal sampling strategy to minimize the costs of pest introductions from trade by posing inspection as an acceptance sampling problem that incorporates key features of the decision context, including (i) simultaneous inspection of many heterogeneous lots, (ii) a lot‐specific sampling effort, (iii) a budget constraint that limits total inspection effort, (iv) inspection error, and (v) an objective of minimizing cost from accepted defective units. We derive a formula for expected number of accepted infested units (expected slippage) given lot size, sample size, infestation rate, and detection rate, and we formulate and analyze the inspector's optimization problem of allocating a sampling budget among incoming lots to minimize the cost of slippage. We conduct an empirical analysis of live plant inspection, including estimation of plant infestation rates from historical data, and find that inspections optimally target the largest lots with the highest plant infestation rates, leaving some lots unsampled. We also consider that USDA‐APHIS, which administers inspections, may want to continue inspecting all lots at a baseline level; we find that allocating any additional capacity, beyond a comprehensive baseline inspection, to the largest lots with the highest infestation rates allows inspectors to meet the dual goals of minimizing the costs of slippage and maintaining baseline sampling without substantial compromise.
In: JEMA-D-23-18328
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In: Ecology and society: E&S ; a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability, Band 28, Heft 1
ISSN: 1708-3087