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Abstract
Recent research has uncovered positive connections between parties' center-periphery and climate policy preferences when they compete in regional elections, with pro-periphery parties using climate concerns to bolster their territorial claims. However, the particular significance of climate change at the regional level, due to its more direct impacts in this arena, raises questions about the extent to which these parties replicate similar behaviors in national elections. To address this gap, this article analyzes the manifestos of parties that secured representation during the 2016 and 2019 Spanish general elections, as well as in the regional elections held during overlapping periods in Catalonia (2017 and 2021) and the Basque Country (2016 and 2020). The empirical findings reveal that parties with stronger pro-decentralization and pro-independence stances allocate more content to climate change and adopt more favorable positions on this issue in their regional manifestos compared to their national counterparts.

La competició electoral a la Comunitat Valenciana generalment s'ha articulat amb base en els eixos esquerra-dreta i la identitat nacional (p. ex. Martín Cubas, 2007). Encara que la identitat dels electors ha romàs generalment estable, sí que s'han produït alguns canvis entre 2011 i 2019 que, possiblement, han facilitat l'emergència de partits polítics nous. El propòsit principal del text és mostrar en quina mesura s'han produït canvis en els espais electorals ocupats pels partits nous i vells de la Comunitat Valenciana en els últims cicles electorals autonòmics. Això permet, al seu torn, mostrar l'evolució de les àrees de predomini d'alguns partits, així com aquells espais en els quals la competició electoral ha sigut més intensa. El cas valencià mostra les limitacions d'aquelles teories de la competició basades en l'exclusivitat dels espais electorals.

National policy ambition plays a central role in climate change governance under the Paris Agreement and is now a focus of rapidly emerging literature. In this contribution, we argue that policy ambition can be captured by the level of national policy activity, which in accordance with the existing literature should be referred to as "policy density." In this study, we measure climate policy density by drawing on three publicly available databases. All three measurements show an upward trend in the adoption of climate policy. However, our empirical comparison also reveals differences between the measurements with regard to the degree of policy expansion and sectoral coverage, which are due to differences in the type of policies in the databases. For the first time, we compare the patterns of policy density within each database (2000–2019) and reveal that while they are different, they are nonetheless potentially complementary. Since the choice of the database and the resulting measurement of policy density ultimately depend on the questions posed by researchers, we conclude by discussing whether some questions are better answered by some measurements than others.